Efektivitas Limbah Kulit Jeruk Sebagai Bioadsorben Untuk Remediasi Air Tercemar: Kajian Literatur
Effectiveness of Orange Peel Waste as a Bioadsorbent for Polluted Water Remediation: A Literature Review
Keywords:
Adsorpsi, Bioadsorben, Kulit Jeruk, Limbah Biomassa, Remediasi Air, Adsorption, Bioadsorbents, Orange Peels, Biomass Waste, Water Remediation
Abstract
Pencemaran air akibat logam berat dan zat warna sintetis memerlukan metode pengolahan yang efektif, murah, dan ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji efektivitas limbah kulit jeruk sebagai bioadsorben untuk remediasi air tercemar melalui metode kajian literatur (literature review). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kulit jeruk mengandung gugus fungsi aktif seperti hidroksil (-OH) dan karboksil (-COOH) yang mampu mengadsorpsi berbagai polutan dalam air. Berbagai penelitian melaporkan bahwa limbah kulit jeruk efektif digunakan untuk menyerap logam berat seperti Pb²?, Cd²?, Cr(VI), Fe²?, dan Hg, serta zat warna sintetis seperti methylene blue dengan kapasitas adsorpsi yang tinggi. Efektivitas adsorpsi dipengaruhi oleh pH, waktu kontak, dosis adsorben, dan metode aktivasi. Modifikasi fisik dan kimia terbukti mampu meningkatkan luas permukaan dan jumlah situs aktif adsorben sehingga kemampuan adsorpsi menjadi lebih optimal. Selain efektif dalam pengolahan air tercemar, pemanfaatan limbah kulit jeruk juga mendukung konsep green technology dan circular economy karena memanfaatkan limbah organik menjadi material bernilai guna dan ramah lingkungan. Dengan demikian, limbah kulit jeruk berpotensi menjadi bioadsorben alternatif yang murah, efektif, dan berkelanjutan untuk pengolahan air tercemar.
References
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Anwar, N. A. F., Meicahayanti, I., & Rahayu, D. E. (2022). Pengaruh variasi waktu kontak dan massa adsorben kulit jeruk siam (Citrus nobilis) terhadap penyisihan kadmium (Cd) dan merkuri (Hg). Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan UNMUL, 6(1), 35–43. https://doi.org/10.30872/jtlunmul.v6i1.7409
Dey, S., Basha, S. R., Babu, G. V., & Nagendra, T. (2021). Characteristic and biosorption capacities of orange peels biosorbents for removal of ammonia and nitrate from contaminated water. Cleaner Materials, 1, 100001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clema.2021.100001
Embun, & Pulungan, A. F. (2017). Pemanfaatan pektin dari kulit jeruk manis sebagai biosorben dalam menurunkan kadar tembaga (Cu) pada limbah cair industri elektroplating. JIFI (Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Imelda), 1(1), 10–17. https://jurnal.uimedan.ac.id/index.php/JURNALFARMASI/article/view/34.
Erpihana, A. A., & Hartanto, D. (2014). Pembuatan karbon aktif dari kulit jeruk keprok (Citrus reticulata) untuk adsorpsi pewarna remazol brilliant blue. Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan, 2(3), 25–32. https://doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v2i3.3096
Giraldo, L., Acelas, N.Y., Perez,R.O., Ortega,E.P., Florez, E., Franco, C.A., Cortes, F.B., & Forgionny, A. (2022) Application of Orange Peel Waste as Adsorbent for Methylene Blue and Cd²? Dimultaneous Remediation. Molecules, 27(16), 5105. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27165105.
Habchi, A., Dahou, M. E.-A., Djaafri, M., Slimani, S., & Kalloum, S. (2025). Using orange peels (OP) as a bio-adsorbent for removal of phosphate from wastewater. Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (IJCCE), 44(2), 422–434. https://doi.org/10.30492/ijcce.2024.2032190.6651
Hasan, M. B., Al-Tameemi, I. M., & Abbas, M. N. (2021). Orange peels as a sustainable material for treating water polluted with antimony. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 22(2), 25–35. https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/130632
Kyzas, G. Z., & Kostoglou, M. (2014). Green adsorbents for wastewaters: A critical review. Materials, 7(1), 333–364. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma7010333.
Maulida, H., Elwina, & Fachraniah. (2023). Pembuatan karbon aktif dari limbah kulit jeruk manis (Citrus sinensis L.) sebagai adsorben ion besi (Fe2+) dalam air sumur. Jurnal Ristera (Jurnal Riset, Inovasi, Teknologi dan Terapan), 2(1), 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30811/ristera.v2i1.4970
Michael-Igolima, U., Abbey, S. J., Ifelebuegu, A. O., & Eyo, E. U. (2023). Modified orange peel waste as a sustainable material for adsorption of contaminants. Materials, 16(3), 1092. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16031092.
Molaudzi, V., & Ambushe, A. A. (2022) Sugarcane Bagasse and Orange Peels as Low-Cost Biosorbents for Removal of Lead Ions From Contaminated Water. Water, 14(21), 3395. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14213395.
Mora, B. P., Bertoni, F.A., Mangiameli, M.F., Gonzalez, J.C., & Bellu, S.E. (2020) Batch and Fixed-bed Column Studies of Selenite Removal From Contaminated Water by Orange Peel-Based Sorbent. *Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 8(6), 104450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2020.104450.
Ojedokun, A. T., & Bello, O. S. (2015). An overview of low cost adsorbents for copper (II) ions removal. Journal of Biotechnology & Biomaterials, 5(1), 177. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000177.
Piquet, A. B. M., & Martelli, M. C. (2022). Bioadsorventes produzidos a partir de resíduos orgânicos para remoção de corantes: Uma revisão. Research, Society and Development, 11(3), e27311326506. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i3.26506.
Rahman, A., Yoshida, K., Islam, M. M., & Kobayashi, G. (2023). Investigation of efficient adsorption of toxic heavy metals (chromium, lead, cadmium) from aquatic environment using orange peel cellulose as adsorbent. Sustainability, 15(5), 4470. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054470
Rasheed, E., Humadi, J. I., Ahmed, S. H., & Rasheed, L. A. A.-M. (2026). Orange peel-derived bio-adsorbents for methylene blue removal: Surface characteristics, experiments, kinetics, and density functional theory mechanism. South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, 56, 100850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajce.2026.100850
Tajudeen, K. A., Ifeanyi-Nze, F. O., Chukwu, J. O., Adeleke, O. J., Chimezie, N. N., Ihezie, C. M., Oyewole, M. O., Edeh, C. F., Iheanacho, B. C., Onabanjo, O. O., Olaiyapo, O. F., Chukwu, C. J., Quadri, A. B., Mobolaji, R. N., Okunola, R. T., Zoum, F. A., Udoisoh, M. G., Kolapo, D. A., & Abdullahi, K. I. (2024). Valorization of orange peel-derived adsorbents for sustainable removal of methylene blue from textile industry wastewater: A promising approach to mitigate water pollution and environmental litter. Archives of Advanced Engineering Science, 00(00), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewAAES42022140.
Thabede, P. M. (2023). Sorption capacity of carbon-based mandarin orange peels for removing methylene blue and ibuprofen from water. Applied Sciences, 13(18), 10511. https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810511.
Yusuf, M., Elfghi, F. M., Zaidi, S. A., Abdullah, E. C., & Khan, M. A. (2015). Applications of graphene and its derivatives as an adsorbent for heavy metal and dye removal: A systematic and comprehensive overview. RSC Advances, 5(61), 50392–50420. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA07223A.
