Efektivitas Limbah Kulit Jeruk Sebagai Bioadsorben Untuk Remediasi Air Tercemar: Kajian Literatur
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Pencemaran air akibat logam berat dan zat warna sintetis memerlukan metode pengolahan yang efektif, murah, dan ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji efektivitas limbah kulit jeruk sebagai bioadsorben untuk remediasi air tercemar melalui metode kajian literatur (literature review). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kulit jeruk mengandung gugus fungsi aktif seperti hidroksil (-OH) dan karboksil (-COOH) yang mampu mengadsorpsi berbagai polutan dalam air. Berbagai penelitian melaporkan bahwa limbah kulit jeruk efektif digunakan untuk menyerap logam berat seperti Pb²?, Cd²?, Cr(VI), Fe²?, dan Hg, serta zat warna sintetis seperti methylene blue dengan kapasitas adsorpsi yang tinggi. Efektivitas adsorpsi dipengaruhi oleh pH, waktu kontak, dosis adsorben, dan metode aktivasi. Modifikasi fisik dan kimia terbukti mampu meningkatkan luas permukaan dan jumlah situs aktif adsorben sehingga kemampuan adsorpsi menjadi lebih optimal. Selain efektif dalam pengolahan air tercemar, pemanfaatan limbah kulit jeruk juga mendukung konsep green technology dan circular economy karena memanfaatkan limbah organik menjadi material bernilai guna dan ramah lingkungan. Dengan demikian, limbah kulit jeruk berpotensi menjadi bioadsorben alternatif yang murah, efektif, dan berkelanjutan untuk pengolahan air tercemar.
ABSTRACT
Water pollution caused by heavy metals and synthetic dyes requires treatment methods that are effective, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of orange peel waste as a bioadsorbent for the remediation of contaminated water through a literature review. The results of the review indicate that orange peel contains active functional groups such as hydroxyl (-OH) and carboxyl (-COOH) groups capable of adsorbing various pollutants in water. Various studies report that orange peel waste is effective for adsorbing heavy metals such as Pb²?, Cd²?, Cr(VI), Fe²?, and Hg, as well as synthetic dyes like methylene blue, with high adsorption capacities. Adsorption effectiveness is influenced by pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, and activation methods. Physical and chemical modifications have been shown to increase the surface area and number of active sites on the adsorbent, thereby optimizing adsorption capacity. In addition to being effective in treating contaminated water, the utilization of orange peel waste also supports the concepts of green technology and the circular economy by transforming organic waste into a valuable and environmentally friendly material. Thus, orange peel waste has the potential to serve as a low-cost, effective, and sustainable alternative bioadsorbent for treating contaminated water.
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