Analisis Dampak Psikososial dan Etika Digital terhadap Kinerja Perawat
Analysis of the Impact of Psychosocial Factors and Digital Ethics on Nurses’ Performance
Abstract
Perawat merupakan tenaga kesehatan yang memiliki peran sentral dalam memberikan pelayanan di fasilitas kesehatan seperti puskesmas. Namun, perkembangan teknologi dan tuntutan kerja modern memicu berbagai tekanan psikososial seperti micro-stresses, psychological detachment yang rendah, serta fenomena ethical fading. Kondisi tersebut berdampak pada stres kerja, burnout, serta menurunnya kualitas pengambilan keputusan etis, yang pada akhirnya memengaruhi kinerja perawat dalam memberikan pelayanan yang bermutu. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode literature review melalui pencarian artikel nasional dan internasional dari Google Scholar, PubMed, dan Scopus dengan kata kunci: psikososial, etika digital, kinerja perawat, burnout, psychological detachment. Kriteria inklusi meliputi artikel tahun 2019–2026 yang dapat diakses full text dalam format PDF. Dari 90 artikel yang teridentifikasi, dilakukan skrining hingga diperoleh 20 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria dan dianalisis lebih lanjut melalui ekstraksi data terkait peneliti, metode, sampel, dan hasil penelitian. Hasil review menunjukkan bahwa faktor psikososial seperti stres kerja, burnout, beban kerja berlebih, serta rendahnya kemampuan psychological detachment memiliki hubungan signifikan terhadap penurunan kinerja perawat. Paparan technostress turut menurunkan kesejahteraan mental dan produktivitas. Selain itu, ethical fading berdampak pada menurunnya kualitas keputusan etis dan profesionalisme dalam pelayanan. Etika profesi terbukti berkontribusi signifikan terhadap mutu pelayanan kesehatan. Tekanan psikososial dan tantangan etika digital memberikan dampak nyata terhadap kinerja perawat. Upaya perbaikan dapat dilakukan melalui pengelolaan stres, peningkatan pemahaman etika profesi, penguatan batasan kerja–pribadi.
ABSTRACT
Nurses play a crucial role in delivering healthcare services, particularly in primary healthcare facilities. However, advancements in technology and increasing job demands have contributed to various psychosocial pressures such as micro-stresses, reduced psychological detachment, and ethical fading. These conditions elevate work-related stress, burnout, and diminish the quality of ethical decision-making, ultimately affecting nurses' performance and the quality of care provided. This study employed a literature review approach by searching national and international articles through Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. Keywords used included: psychosocial, digital ethics, nurse performance, burnout, psychological detachment. Inclusion criteria consisted of full-text articles published between 2019–2026 in PDF format. From 90 initially identified articles, screening resulted in 20 eligible studies that were analyzed through data extraction on authors, methods, samples, and research findings. The review findings indicate that psychosocial factors such as work stress, burnout, excessive workload, and low psychological detachment significantly contribute to decreased nurse performance. Technostress also negatively impacts psychological well-being and productivity. Additionally, ethical fading reduces the quality of ethical decision-making and professional conduct. Ethical competence was shown to significantly influence the quality of healthcare services. Psychosocial pressures and digital ethical challenges have a substantial impact on nurses’ performance. Improvements can be achieved through stress management strategies, enhanced understanding of professional ethics, strengthened work–life boundaries to support psychological detachment, and organizational policies that promote mental well-being. Comprehensive interventions are essential to improve nurses’ well-being and the overall quality of healthcare services
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