The Effect of Graphic Health Warnings on Adolescent Smoking Cessation Intentions and Their Value As ‘Sipakainge’ Among The Makassar-Bugis Tribe
Keywords:
Graphic Health Warning; Smoking Cessation; Makassar-Bugis; Sipakainge’
Abstract
All tobacco products are required to display health warnings about the dangers of smoking in the form of images on cigarette packs, with the aim of providing the public with clear and accurate information about the effects of smoking. One of the measures taken by the Indonesian government to reduce smoking is to include health warnings on cigarette packaging in accordance with Regulation of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 56 of 2017. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Graphic Health Warnings (GHW) on adolescents' intention to quit smoking and to examine its value from the perspective of the Sipakainge' tribe of Makassar-Bugis. This study used a quantitative research method with a cross-sectional design. The novelty of this study was that it examined GHW from the perspective of the Sipakainge' tribe of Makassar-Bugis. The results of the study indicate that GHW has an effect on adolescents' intentions to quit smoking and that it serves as a visual warning for the Makassar-Bugis tribe. It is recommended that the Indonesian government use a cultural approach in developing smoking cessation interventions in Indonesia.
References
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Thomeer, M. B., Hernandez, E., Umberson, D., & Thomas, P. A. (2019). Influence of social connections on smoking behavior across the life course. Advances in Life Course Research, 42, 100294. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ALCR.2019.100294
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White, V., Williams, T., Faulkner, A., & Wakefield, M. (2015). Do larger graphic health warnings on standardised cigarette packs increase adolescents’ cognitive processing of consumer health information and beliefs about smoking-related harms? Tobacco Control, 24(Suppl 2), ii50–ii57. https://doi.org/10.1136/TOBACCOCONTROL-2014-052085
Yuliati, R., Sarwono, B. K., Ahsan, A., Wibhisono, I. G. L. A. K., & Kusuma, D. (2021). Effect of Message Approach and Image Size on Pictorial Health Warning Effectiveness on Cigarette Pack in Indonesia: A Mixed Factorial Experiment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(13), 6854. https://doi.org/10.3390/IJERPH18136854
Angga Maulana. (2022). ANALISIS SWOT IMPLEMENTASI KAWASAN TANPA ROKOK. UIN Alauddin.
Anwary, A. Z., Siska, D., Fakultas, D., Masyarakat, K., & Kalimantan, U. I. (2022). PENGARUH PERINGATAN KESEHATAN PADA KEMASAN ROKOK TERHADAP RESPON MAHASISWA UNTUK BERHENTI MEROKOK (Survei Pada Mahasiswa UIN Antasari Banjarmasin). Prosiding Penelitian Dosen UNISKA MAB, 0(1). https://doi.org/10.31602/PPDU.V0I1.8277
Artanti, K. D., Arista, R. D., & Fazmi, T. I. K. (2024). The influence of social environment and facility support on smoking in adolescent males in Indonesia. Journal of Public Health Research, 13(1), 22799036241228092. https://doi.org/10.1177/22799036241228091
Baiq Regina Gaby, Hasbi, Muchlis Sufri, & Alamsyah. (2021). ANALISIS DAN PERBANDINGAN SEKTOR UNGGULAN DI KOTA MAKASSAR DAN KOTA PAREPARE DAN PERANNYA DALAM MENUNJANG PEREKONOMIAN PADA PROVINSI SULAWESI SELATAN. Economos?:Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 4(3).
Bellatorre, A., Choi, K., & Bernat, D. (2015). The Influence of the Social Environment on Youth Smoking Status. Preventive Medicine, 81, 309. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.YPMED.2015.09.017
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Brewer, N. T., Hall, M. G., Noar, S. M., Parada, H., Stein-Seroussi, A., Bach, L. E., Hanley, S., & Ribisl, K. M. (2016). Effect of Pictorial Cigarette Pack Warnings on Changes in Smoking Behavior: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Internal Medicine, 176(7), 905. https://doi.org/10.1001/JAMAINTERNMED.2016.2621
Chen, J., Luo, M., Gan, L., Li, H., Liu, S., Ren, N., Zhou, Y., Yang, J., Zhou, H., Yin, X., Wan, J., Yang, X., Wu, Y., & Luo, Z. (2024). The association between smoking and family health with the mediation role of personality among Chinese people: nationwide cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry, 24(1), 206-. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12888-024-05654-X/TABLES/9
Chudech, S., & Janmaimool, P. (2021). Effectiveness of warning graphic labels on cigarette packs in enhancing late-teenagers’ perceived fear of smoking-related harms in Bangkok, Thailand. Journal of Public Health Research, 10(1), 1912. https://doi.org/10.4081/JPHR.2021.1912
Dinas Kesehatan Kota Makassar. (2022). Dinkes Makassar Konsisten Sosialisasi Stop Merokok. Sulselsatu.Com. https://www.sulselsatu.com/2022/05/26/makassar/dinkes-makassar-konsisten-sosialisasi-stop-merokok.html#google_vignette
Fajriani, N. (2025). School Counselor Self-Advocacy: The Role of Local Cultural Values of Sipakatau, Sipakalebbi, and Sipakainge. Edu Consilium: Jurnal Bimbingan Dan Konseling Pendidikan Islam, (2). https://doi.org/10.19105/ec
Gantiva, C., Sotaquirá, M., Chaparro, V., Colorado, L., & Gómez, A. (2022). Emotional Impact of Graphic Health Warnings on Tobacco Packaging: Analysis of Their Content. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 18(1), 40. https://doi.org/10.5964/EJOP.2885
Grace H. Lupao, Kristy Jane M. Labbuanan, Herson D. Acoba Jr, & Jayson P. Agravio. (2024). The Effectiveness of Graphic Health Warnings on Cigarette Packs: Examining Smokers’ Attitudes Across Personal Demographics Grace H. Lupao. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS). https://doi.org/10.2/JQUERY.MIN.JS
Hafeez, S., Aslam, M., Hanif, M. W., Ahsan, M., Iqbal, S., Nisar, S. A., & Sarmad, M. M. (2023). Graphic Health Warnings on Cigarette Packages: Adolescents’ Emotive Reaction toward Smoking. Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences, 50(1), 138–155. https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.50.1.15
Hamzah, A. M., Saub, R., & Marhazlinda, J. (2021). A qualitative study of pictorial health warnings on malaysian cigarette packs: How do the adults understand them? Healthcare (Switzerland), 9(12), 1669. https://doi.org/10.3390/HEALTHCARE9121669/S1
Hasanuddin Contact. (2019). Petisi · DUKUNG STOP IKLAN ROKOK DI KOTA MAKASSAR - Makassar, Indonesia · Change.org. Change.Org. https://www.change.org/p/dukung-stop-iklan-rokok-di-kota-makassar
Higashibata, T., Wakai, K., Okada, R., Nakagawa, H., & Hamajima, N. (2016). Associations of smoking status with other lifestyle behaviors are modified by sex and occupational category among urban civil servants in Japan. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 21(6), 539. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12199-016-0577-4
Islam, K. F., Awal, A., Mazumder, H., Munni, U. R., Majumder, K., Afroz, K., Tabassum, M. N., & Hossain, M. M. (2023). Social cognitive theory-based health promotion in primary care practice: A scoping review. Heliyon, 9(4), e14889. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HELIYON.2023.E14889
Merdeka.com. (2015). 90 Persen iklan rokok di Makassar berada dekat sekolah. Merdeka.Com. https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/90-persen-iklan-rokok-di-makassar-berada-dekat-sekolah.html
Nurlikasari, A., Rachmawati, K., & Rahmayanti, D. (2021). Hubungan Persepsi Visual Gambar Bahaya Merokok pada Bungkus Rokok dengan Perilaku Merokok Remaja Laki-laki di SMK X Banjarbaru. Dunia Keperawatan: Jurnal Keperawatan Dan Kesehatan, 9(1), 152–160. https://doi.org/10.20527/dk.v9i1.8368
Nurmalasari, A., & Andry W Mamonto, M. W. (2020). EKSPLORASI NILAI-NILAI SIPAKATAU SIPAKAINGE SIPAKALEBBI BUGIS MAKASSAR DALAM UPAYA PENCEGAHAN SIKAP INTOLERANSI. In Alauddin Law Development Journal (Vol. 2). https://www.suara.com/news/2017/03/28/171418/akibat-isu-sara-di-pilkada-dki-anak-sd-jadi-bahaya-seperti-
Pastor, Y., Pérez-Torres, V., Thomas-Currás, H., Lobato-Rincón, L. L., López-Sáez, M. Á., & García, A. (2024). A study of the influence of altruism, social responsibility, reciprocity, and the subjective norm on online prosocial behavior in adolescence. Computers in Human Behavior, 154, 108156. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHB.2024.108156
Protc.id. (2012). Ketika Invasi Iklan Rokok Tak Terbendung Lagi. https://protc.id/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Invasi-Iklan-Rokok.pdf
Reski Auliyah, Farida Aryani, & Sahril Buchori. (2024). The Relationship Between Peer Pressure and Smoking Behavior in Junior High School Students. Pinisi Journal of Art, Humanity, and Social Studies, 4(6). https://doi.org/10.55151/IJEEDU.V1I2.12
Ridhwan Fauzi, Muhammad Ainul Ma’ruf, Bonita, Nuradia Puspawati, Kiki Soewarso, Antarini Antojo, & Tara Singh Bam. (2019). Hubungan Terpaan Iklan, Promosi, Sponsor Rokok dengan Status Merokok di Indonesia. https://www.tcsc-indonesia.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Booklet-Hasil-Studi-TAPS-dan-Status-Merokok.pdf
Roble, A. K., Osman, M. O., Lathwal, O. P., & Aden, A. A. (2021). Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking and Associated Factors Among Adolescents in Eastern Ethiopia, 2020. Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation, 12, 73. https://doi.org/10.2147/SAR.S331349
Strasser, A. A., Tang, K. Z., Romer, D., Jepson, C., & Cappella, J. N. (2012). Graphic warning labels in cigarette advertisements: Recall and viewing patterns. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 43(1), 41–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2012.02.026
Strong, D. R., Pierce, J. P., Pulvers, K., Stone, M. D., Villaseñor, A., Pu, M., Dimofte, C. V., Leas, E. C., Oratowski, J., Brighton, E., Hurst, S., Kealey, S., Chen, R., & Messer, K. (2021). Effect of Graphic Warning Labels on Cigarette Packs on US Smokers’ Cognitions and Smoking Behavior After 3 Months: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Network Open, 4(8), e2121387. https://doi.org/10.1001/JAMANETWORKOPEN.2021.21387
Swatan, J. P., Alkaff, F. F., Sukmajaya, W. P., Sulistiawati, S., & Karimah, A. (2022). Are Indonesian new pictorial health warnings more effective than the old ones? International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS), 11(3), 975–981. https://doi.org/10.11591/IJPHS.V11I3.21543
Thomeer, M. B., Hernandez, E., Umberson, D., & Thomas, P. A. (2019). Influence of social connections on smoking behavior across the life course. Advances in Life Course Research, 42, 100294. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ALCR.2019.100294
Wahyu, F., Karim, D., & Tampubolon, N. R. (n.d.). Hubungan Intensitas Perilaku Merokok dan Lama Merokok Dengan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) (Vol. 2, Number 2).
White, V., Williams, T., Faulkner, A., & Wakefield, M. (2015). Do larger graphic health warnings on standardised cigarette packs increase adolescents’ cognitive processing of consumer health information and beliefs about smoking-related harms? Tobacco Control, 24(Suppl 2), ii50–ii57. https://doi.org/10.1136/TOBACCOCONTROL-2014-052085
Yuliati, R., Sarwono, B. K., Ahsan, A., Wibhisono, I. G. L. A. K., & Kusuma, D. (2021). Effect of Message Approach and Image Size on Pictorial Health Warning Effectiveness on Cigarette Pack in Indonesia: A Mixed Factorial Experiment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(13), 6854. https://doi.org/10.3390/IJERPH18136854
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2026-04-13
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