Pengaruh Inflasi Terhadap Daya Beli Masyarakat Di Indonesia

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Fluktuasi harga komoditas pangan seperti beras, cabai, dan energi menekan konsumsi rumah tangga berpenghasilan rendah. Inflasi, sebagai kenaikan harga barang dan jasa secara umum akibat ketidakseimbangan permintaan-penawaran, Tujuan penelitian difokuskan menganalisis pengaruh inflasi terhadap daya beli masyarakat di indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah  studi pustaka (library research) diterapkan, dengan data sekunder dari jurnal ilmiah, buku dan lain sebagainya. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pencarian, identifikasi, dan analisis literatur relevan untuk menyusun sintesis konseptual mengenai hubungan inflasi-daya beli masyarakat. Berdasarkan hasil tinjauan literatur, dapat disimpulkan bahwa inflasi secara signifikan menurunkan daya beli masyarakat Indonesia, terutama pada kelompok berpenghasilan rendah dan tetap, karena kenaikan harga kebutuhan pokok seperti beras, cabai, dan energi melebihi laju pendapatan. Penelitian ini mengonfirmasi hubungan negatif empiris, di mana setiap 1% kenaikan inflasi dapat mengurangi daya beli hingga 0,263%, memicu penurunan konsumsi pangan per kapita 8% dan perubahan pola belanja menuju barang esensial. Penurunan daya beli terasa pada pengurangan kuantitas dan kualitas konsumsi, termasuk protein hewani, serta pelemahan sektor ritel dengan indeks penjualan riil turun 4,3%. Kelompok rentan mengalami tekanan sosial seperti risiko kemiskinan, putus sekolah, dan stres ekonomi, memperlebar kesenjangan. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah perlu memperkuat stabilisasi harga, khususnya pada komoditas pangan dan energi, sementara Bank Indonesia tetap menjaga konsistensi kebijakan moneter untuk mengendalikan inflasi.

ABSTRACT

luctuations in the prices of food commodities such as rice, chili peppers, and energy have put pressure on the consumption of low-income households. Inflation, defined as a general increase in the prices of goods and services due to an imbalance between supply and demand, is the focus of this study, which analyzes its impact on the purchasing power of the Indonesian people. The research method used is library research, with secondary data from scientific journals, books, and so on. Data collection was carried out through searching, identifying, and analyzing relevant literature to compile a conceptual synthesis of the relationship between inflation and people's purchasing power. Based on the results of the literature review, it can be concluded that inflation significantly reduces the purchasing power of the Indonesian people, especially among low- and fixed-income groups, because the increase in the prices of basic necessities such as rice, chili, and energy exceeds the rate of income. This study confirms an empirical negative relationship, whereby every 1% increase in inflation can reduce purchasing power by up to 0.263%, triggering an 8% decline in per capita food consumption and a shift in spending patterns towards essential goods. The decline in purchasing power is reflected in reduced quantity and quality of consumption, including animal protein, as well as a weakening of the retail sector with a 4.3% decline in the real sales index. Vulnerable groups experience social pressures such as the risk of poverty, school dropouts, and economic stress, widening the gap. Therefore, the government needs to strengthen price stabilization, especially for food and energy commodities, while Bank Indonesia maintains consistency in its monetary policy to control inflation.