Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu Dalam Pemberian Gizi Seimbang Dengan Upaya Pencegahan Stunting Pada Balita
The Relationship Of Mother Level Knowledge Providing Balanced Nutrition With Stunting Prevention Efforts In Toddlers
Keywords:
Balita, Gizi Seimbang, Pengetahuan, Pencegahan Stunting
Abstract
Stunting termasuk masalah nutrisi kronis yang dialami oleh balita di Indonesia, penyebabnya yaitu rendahnya pengetahuan ibu terkait pemberian gizi seimbang. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan tingkat pengetahuan ibu dalam pemberian gizi seimbang dengan upaya pencegahan stunting pada balita. Desain penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif korelasional dengan metode cross sectional pada 85 ibu dengan anak berusia 0-5 tahun di Posyandu Desa Singakerta, yang dipilih menggunakan teknik multistage sampling. Kuesioner yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data telah terstandar dan sudah dilakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas selanjutnya proses analisis digunakan untuk uji Rank Spearman dengan nilai signifikansi 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar ibu berada pada tingkat pengetahuan baik (92,9%), dan upaya pencegahan stunting baik (67,1%). Uji statistik menunjukkan adanya hubungan sangat signifikan diantara tingkat pengetahuan ibu tentang gizi seimbang dengan upaya pencegahan stunting (p-value = 0,001 < 0,05; r = 0,347). Temuan ini menyatakan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan ibu memiliki peranan untuk mendukung proses pencegahan stunting terhadap balita, sehingga diperlukan upaya peningkatan pengetahuan yang berkelanjutan oleh tenaga kesehatan, khususnya perawat komunitas.
References
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Darmini, N. W., Fitriana, L. B., & Vidayanti, V. (2022). Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu Tentang Gizi Seimbang Dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita Usia 2-5 Tahun Community of Publishing in Nursing, 10(April 2022), 160–165.
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Faridah, F., Anies, A., Kartasurya, M. I., & Widjanarko, B. (2024). Online educational intervention: Improving maternal knowledge and attitudes in providing developmental stimulation for stunting toddlers. Narra J, 4(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.52225/narra.v4i1.591
Gizaw, Z., Yalew, A. W., Bitew, B. D., Lee, J., & Bisesi, M. (2022). Stunting among children aged 24–59 months and associations with sanitation, enteric infections, and environmental enteric dysfunction in rural northwest Ethiopia. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-23981-5
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Hafid, F., Nasrul, N., Amsal, A., Ramadhan, K., Taufiqurahman, T., & Sariman, S. (2024). Berat Lahir Rendah , Jenis Kelamin Anak , Jumlah Anak dan Pendidikan Ibu Sebagai Faktor Risiko Stunting di Kota Palu - Indonesia Low Birth Weight , Child Gender , Number of Children , and Maternal Education as Risk Factors for Stunting in Palu City - Indonesia. 8(2), 75–84. https://doi.org/10.20473/amnt.v8i2SP.2024.75-84
Hartini, L., Simanjuntak, B. Y., & Nugraheni, D. E. (2024). Education of the “SusCatinTing” application on changes in knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of brides-to-be. African Journal of Reproductive Health , 28(10), 148–159. https://doi.org/10.29063/ajrh2024/v28i10.15
Haryanti, F., Hartini, S., Andarwati, F., Risnawati, H., Pratiwi, A. N., Kusumawati, A. S., Cahyani, R. D., & Lusmilasari, L. (2024). Maternal knowledge on nutritional-focused nurturing care and associated factors among women with stunted children aged 6-23 months in Yogyakarta , Indonesia?: A cross-sectional study. 10(4), 472–480.
Hasni, N., Amir, R., & Nurlinda, N. (2024). Best Practice Personal Hygiene Orang Tua Balita Stunting?: Studi Kasus Di Desa Batulappa dan Desa Kassa. Sulolipu: Media Komunikasi Sivitas Akademika Dan Masyarakat, 24(2), 227–240. https://doi.org/10.32382/sulo.v24i2.813
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Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2022). Keluarga Bebas Stunting. In 165 (p. 1).
Laksono, A. D., Wulandari, R. D., Amaliah, N., & Wisnuwardani, R. W. (2022). Stunting among children under two years in Indonesia: Does maternal education matter? PLoS ONE, 17(7 July), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271509
Mara, M., Palimbo, A., Salmarini, D. D., & Jannah, R. (2025). Association between maternal age , nutritional status , and toddler stunting. 3(2), 182–195.
Meher, C., & Zaluchu, F. (2025). Methods for stunting education in impoverished rural areas using illustrated modules in local languages. MethodsX, 14(December 2024), 103086. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2024.103086
Munawaroh, H., Nada, N. K., Hasjiandito, A., Faisal, V. I. A., Heldanita, H., Anjarsari, I., & Fauziddin, M. (2022). Peranan Orang Tua Dalam Pemenuhan Gizi Seimbang Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Stunting Pada Anak Usia 4-5 Tahun. Sentra Cendekia, 3(2), 47. https://doi.org/10.31331/sencenivet.v3i2.2149
Munthe, W. S., Ayu Atika, R., & Candra, A. (2023). Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Dan Upaya Pencegahan Ibu Dengan Kejadian Stunting. Jurnal Keperawatan, 15(4), 41–50. https://doi.org/10.32583/keperawatan.v15i4.1820
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Nu’man, M. (2023). Stunting Di Indonesia: Tantangan Dan Solusi Di Era Modern. Aleph, 87(1,2), 149–200. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/167638/341506.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y%0Ahttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/handle/1/8314/LOEBLEIN%2C LUCINEIA CARLA.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y%0Ahttps://antigo.mdr.gov.br/saneamento/proees
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Permatasari, T. A. E., Rizqiya, F., Kusumaningati, W., Suryaalamsah, I. I., & Hermiwahyoeni, Z. (2021). The effect of nutrition and reproductive health education of pregnant women in Indonesia using quasi experimental study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 21(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-03676-x
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Wulandari, R. D., Laksono, A. D., Kusrini, I., & Tahangnacca, M. (2022). The Targets for Stunting Prevention Policies in Papua, Indonesia: What Mothers’ Characteristics Matter? Nutrients, 14(3), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030549
Zulfa, I., Endah Yani, R. W., & Ratna Dewanti, I. D. A. (2023). Kejadian Stunting Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin Dan Usia Di Wilayah Kerja Puskemas Kalisat. 151–153.
Aurelia, Y. (2024). 1000 Hari Pertama Kunci Cegah Stunting. 22 Februari 2024. https://ayosehat.kemkes.go.id/1000-hpk-kunci-cegah-stunting?
Ayu Rahmadani, R., Setiawati, A., Aris, I., Lontaan, A., & Prasetyowati, P. (2025). Effectiveness of nutrition education on stunting prevention behavior in mothers under five. Jurnal Edukasi Ilmiah Kesehatan, 3(1), 01–08. https://doi.org/10.61099/junedik.v3i1.68
Azi Djogo, H. M., Betan, Y., & Dion, Y. (2020). Hubungan Pekerjaan Ibu Dan Praktik Asi Ekslusif Dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita Di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan. 8, 89–97.
Bancin, A., Aidha, Z., & Azhar, Y. K. (2024). The Relationship Between Mothers’ Knowledge And Behavior About Nutritional Status With The Incidence Of Stunting. Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research, 2(4), 1747–1758. https://doi.org/10.37287/ijghr.v2i4.250
Darmini, N. W., Fitriana, L. B., & Vidayanti, V. (2022). Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu Tentang Gizi Seimbang Dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita Usia 2-5 Tahun Community of Publishing in Nursing, 10(April 2022), 160–165.
Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Bali. (2024). Profil Kesehatan Provinsi Bali 2024. Repository.Usd.Ac.Id, 1–19. https://repository.unsri.ac.id/12539/
Dinas Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dan Desa Kabupaten Gianyar. (2025). Rembuk “Stunting” Upaya Wujudkan Generasi Sehat Dan Cerdas. https://dpmd.gianyarkab.go.id/landing/berita/rembuk-stunting-upaya-wujudkan-generasi-sehat-dan-cerdas/eyJpdiI6Ii9LNnVRcEl5a0hxNmtuZ3NBb2l3ekE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidDFWaDhlcmJBVTh6ams5ZzNGU0hxQT09IiwibWFjIjoiYjA5YWM3Yzk3Mjk5Yjc1NzU4ZTU4MmJmYmRiYWE3ZmEzZmM2ZjZiM
Eka Sari, N. A. M., Ketut Mirayanti, N. A., & Fista Adriana, K. R. (2021). Hubungan Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Ibu Dalam Pemberian Gizi Seimbang Dengan Upaya Pencegahan Stunting Pada Balita. Jurnal Keperawatan, 14, 27–38.
Elfrida, A. V., Lubis, B. M., Ramayani, O. R., & Sitorus, M. S. (2024). Analisis Hubungan Tingkat Pendidikan dengan Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu tentang. 26(66), 171–175.
Faridah, F., Anies, A., Kartasurya, M. I., & Widjanarko, B. (2024). Online educational intervention: Improving maternal knowledge and attitudes in providing developmental stimulation for stunting toddlers. Narra J, 4(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.52225/narra.v4i1.591
Gizaw, Z., Yalew, A. W., Bitew, B. D., Lee, J., & Bisesi, M. (2022). Stunting among children aged 24–59 months and associations with sanitation, enteric infections, and environmental enteric dysfunction in rural northwest Ethiopia. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-23981-5
Hadi, H., Fatimatasari, F., Irwanti, W., Kusuma, C., Alfiana, R. D., Ischaq Nabil Asshiddiqi, M., Nugroho, S., Lewis, E. C., & Gittelsohn, J. (2021). Exclusive breastfeeding protects young children from stunting in a low?income population: A study from eastern indonesia. Nutrients, 13(12), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124264
Hafid, F., Nasrul, N., Amsal, A., Ramadhan, K., Taufiqurahman, T., & Sariman, S. (2024). Berat Lahir Rendah , Jenis Kelamin Anak , Jumlah Anak dan Pendidikan Ibu Sebagai Faktor Risiko Stunting di Kota Palu - Indonesia Low Birth Weight , Child Gender , Number of Children , and Maternal Education as Risk Factors for Stunting in Palu City - Indonesia. 8(2), 75–84. https://doi.org/10.20473/amnt.v8i2SP.2024.75-84
Hartini, L., Simanjuntak, B. Y., & Nugraheni, D. E. (2024). Education of the “SusCatinTing” application on changes in knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of brides-to-be. African Journal of Reproductive Health , 28(10), 148–159. https://doi.org/10.29063/ajrh2024/v28i10.15
Haryanti, F., Hartini, S., Andarwati, F., Risnawati, H., Pratiwi, A. N., Kusumawati, A. S., Cahyani, R. D., & Lusmilasari, L. (2024). Maternal knowledge on nutritional-focused nurturing care and associated factors among women with stunted children aged 6-23 months in Yogyakarta , Indonesia?: A cross-sectional study. 10(4), 472–480.
Hasni, N., Amir, R., & Nurlinda, N. (2024). Best Practice Personal Hygiene Orang Tua Balita Stunting?: Studi Kasus Di Desa Batulappa dan Desa Kassa. Sulolipu: Media Komunikasi Sivitas Akademika Dan Masyarakat, 24(2), 227–240. https://doi.org/10.32382/sulo.v24i2.813
Hirvonen, K., Wolle, A., Laillou, A., Vinci, V., Chitekwe, S., & Baye, K. (2024). Child growth faltering dynamics in food insecure districts in rural Ethiopia. Maternal and Child Nutrition, 20(S5), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13262
Kemenkes RI. (2024). Buku KIA Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2022). Keluarga Bebas Stunting. In 165 (p. 1).
Laksono, A. D., Wulandari, R. D., Amaliah, N., & Wisnuwardani, R. W. (2022). Stunting among children under two years in Indonesia: Does maternal education matter? PLoS ONE, 17(7 July), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271509
Mara, M., Palimbo, A., Salmarini, D. D., & Jannah, R. (2025). Association between maternal age , nutritional status , and toddler stunting. 3(2), 182–195.
Meher, C., & Zaluchu, F. (2025). Methods for stunting education in impoverished rural areas using illustrated modules in local languages. MethodsX, 14(December 2024), 103086. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2024.103086
Munawaroh, H., Nada, N. K., Hasjiandito, A., Faisal, V. I. A., Heldanita, H., Anjarsari, I., & Fauziddin, M. (2022). Peranan Orang Tua Dalam Pemenuhan Gizi Seimbang Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Stunting Pada Anak Usia 4-5 Tahun. Sentra Cendekia, 3(2), 47. https://doi.org/10.31331/sencenivet.v3i2.2149
Munthe, W. S., Ayu Atika, R., & Candra, A. (2023). Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Dan Upaya Pencegahan Ibu Dengan Kejadian Stunting. Jurnal Keperawatan, 15(4), 41–50. https://doi.org/10.32583/keperawatan.v15i4.1820
Muzayyaroh. (2021). Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu Balita Tentang Stunting Knowledge Level Of Mothers To Children About Stunting. Jurnal Ilmiah Kebidanan, 8(2), 81–92.
Notoatmodjo, S. (2018). Promosi Kesehatan Dan Perilaku Kesehatan. Rineka Cipta.
Nu’man, M. (2023). Stunting Di Indonesia: Tantangan Dan Solusi Di Era Modern. Aleph, 87(1,2), 149–200. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/167638/341506.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y%0Ahttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/handle/1/8314/LOEBLEIN%2C LUCINEIA CARLA.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y%0Ahttps://antigo.mdr.gov.br/saneamento/proees
Pakpahan, L., Manurung, K., Sitorus, M. E., Ketaren, O., & Tarigan, F. L. (2020). Factors Influencing the Incidence of Stunting at the Lumban Sinaga Community Health Center, Pangaribuan District, North Tapanuli Regency in 2023 Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Stunting Di UPT Puskesmas Lumban Sinaga Kecamatan Pangaribuan Kabupat. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences Electronic, 8(1), 536–549. https://doi.org/10.36490/journal-jps.com
Permatasari, T. A. E., Rizqiya, F., Kusumaningati, W., Suryaalamsah, I. I., & Hermiwahyoeni, Z. (2021). The effect of nutrition and reproductive health education of pregnant women in Indonesia using quasi experimental study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 21(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-03676-x
Prasetyo, Y. B., Permatasari, P., & Susanti, H. D. (2023). The effect of mothers’ nutritional education and knowledge on children’s nutritional status: a systematic review. International Journal of Child Care and Education Policy, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40723-023-00114-7
Rahmawati, D. N., Achadi, E. L., Dwinugraha, K. W., Alimuddin, H., Barokah, F. I., & Karyoko, D. (2025). Buku Ajar Konsep Pedoman Gizi Seimbang Dalam Daur Kehidupan. PT. Nuansa Fajar Cemerlang.
WHO. (2024). Estimasi Gabungan Malnutrisi Anak. https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/joint-child-malnutrition-estimates-unicef-who-wb
Wiliyanarti, P. F., Wulandari, Y., & Nasrullah, D. (2022). Behavior in fulfilling nutritional needs for Indonesian children with stunting: Related culture, family support, and mother’s knowledge. Journal of Public Health Research, 11(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/22799036221139938
Wulandari, R. D., Laksono, A. D., Kusrini, I., & Tahangnacca, M. (2022). The Targets for Stunting Prevention Policies in Papua, Indonesia: What Mothers’ Characteristics Matter? Nutrients, 14(3), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030549
Zulfa, I., Endah Yani, R. W., & Ratna Dewanti, I. D. A. (2023). Kejadian Stunting Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin Dan Usia Di Wilayah Kerja Puskemas Kalisat. 151–153.
