Evidence-Based Nursing Intervention untuk Meningkatkan Self-Management Pasien Stroke: Systematic literatur Review
Evidence-Based Nursing Interventions to Improve Self-Management in Stroke Patients: A Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56338/jks.v9i10.12528Keywords:
Stroke, Intervensi Keperawatan, Self-Management, Evidence-Based Nursing, Edukasi Kesehatan, Kualitas HidupAbstract
Stroke merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan utama yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan fisik, psikologis, kognitif, dan sosial serta berdampak terhadap kemampuan pasien dalam mengelola kondisi kesehatannya secara mandiri. Self-management menjadi komponen penting dalam perawatan pasien stroke karena dapat membantu meningkatkan kepatuhan terhadap pengobatan, mengendalikan faktor risiko, meningkatkan kemampuan melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari, dan mencegah komplikasi serta kekambuhan. Perawat memiliki peran strategis dalam memberikan intervensi berbasis bukti untuk meningkatkan kemampuan self-management pasien stroke. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis berbagai intervensi keperawatan berbasis bukti yang efektif dalam meningkatkan self-management pada pasien stroke. Metode yang digunakan adalah systematic literature review dengan menelusuri artikel ilmiah yang diterbitkan pada basis data elektronik yang relevan. Artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dianalisis secara sistematis berdasarkan karakteristik intervensi, populasi, outcome, dan hasil penelitian. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa intervensi keperawatan berupa edukasi kesehatan, self-management education, discharge planning, dukungan keluarga, motivational interviewing, penggunaan teknologi kesehatan, serta pemantauan dan tindak lanjut secara berkelanjutan berpotensi meningkatkan kemampuan self-management pasien stroke. Intervensi yang dilakukan secara terstruktur, berkelanjutan, dan melibatkan keluarga menunjukkan manfaat dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan, kepatuhan, efikasi diri, kemampuan mengelola faktor risiko, serta kualitas hidup pasien. Dengan demikian, penerapan intervensi keperawatan berbasis bukti secara individual dan berkesinambungan perlu diintegrasikan dalam pelayanan keperawatan pasien stroke untuk mendukung kemandirian dan hasil kesehatan yang lebih baik.
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