Koordinasi Tim Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) Polri dengan Instansi Terkait dalam Penanganan Identifikasi Korban Bencana pada Gempa Cianjur Tahun 2022

Coordination between the Indonesian National Police (POLRI) Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) Team and Relevant Agencies in Handling Victim Identification Following the 2022 Cianjur Earthquake

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis koordinasi Tim Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) Polri dengan instansi terkait dalam penanganan identifikasi korban Gempa Cianjur Tahun 2022 serta mengidentifikasi faktor pendukung dan penghambatnya. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Informan ditentukan secara purposif sebanyak tujuh orang yang terdiri atas unsur pimpinan, koordinator, dokter forensik dan pelaksana Tim DVI Polri, Basarnas, BPBD Kabupaten Cianjur, serta keluarga korban. Analisis menggunakan teori koordinasi Soewarno Handayaningrat (2005), yang meliputi komunikasi, kesadaran akan pentingnya koordinasi, kompetensi partisipan, komitmen dan insentif koordinasi, serta kontinuitas perencanaan; dan model collaborative governance Ansell dan Gash (2008), yang meliputi kondisi awal, desain kelembagaan, kepemimpinan fasilitatif, dan proses kolaborasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa koordinasi Tim DVI Polri dengan instansi terkait telah berjalan cukup efektif berdasarkan terpenuhinya indikator penelitian, tetapi belum sepenuhnya optimal dan terlembagakan. Koordinasi didukung oleh kejelasan pembagian tugas, kompetensi personel, pengalaman kerja sama, kesamaan tujuan kemanusiaan, komitmen profesional, dukungan pimpinan, keberadaan Pos DVI, fasilitas rumah sakit, dan keterlibatan keluarga korban. Faktor penghambatnya meliputi perubahan kondisi lapangan, kerusakan akses dan dokumen korban, keterbatasan data ante mortem, komunikasi berjenjang, belum terintegrasinya data antarinstansi, ketidakmerataan tenaga ahli, serta tingginya beban kerja personel. Temuan konseptual penelitian menunjukkan pola kolaborasi antarinstansi dengan koordinasi terpadu dan otoritas teknis terpusat. Koordinasi terpadu menghubungkan tugas, informasi, kompetensi, dan sumber daya; proses kolaboratif membangun partisipasi serta kepercayaan; sedangkan otoritas teknis Tim DVI menjaga validitas dan akuntabilitas penetapan identitas.

ABSTRACT

This study aims to analyze the coordination between the Indonesian National Police (Polri) Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) Team and relevant agencies in identifying victims of the 2022 Cianjur earthquake, as well as to identify the supporting and inhibiting factors. A qualitative approach with a descriptive method was employed. Data were gathered through interviews, observation, and documentation. Seven informants were purposively selected, comprising leadership, coordinators, forensic doctors, and operational staff from the Polri DVI Team, Basarnas (National Search and Rescue Agency), the Cianjur Regency BPBD (Regional Disaster Management Agency), and victims' families. The analysis utilized Soewarno Handayaningrat’s (2005) coordination theory—covering communication, awareness of coordination's importance, participant competence, commitment and incentives for coordination, and planning continuity—and Ansell and Gash’s (2008) collaborative governance model, which encompasses initial conditions, institutional design, facilitative leadership, and the collaboration process. The results indicate that coordination between the Polri DVI Team and relevant agencies was reasonably effective based on the fulfillment of research indicators, though it was not yet fully optimal or institutionalized. Coordination was supported by clear task division, personnel competence, prior collaborative experience, shared humanitarian goals, professional commitment, leadership support, the presence of a DVI Post, hospital facilities, and the involvement of victims' families. Inhibiting factors included changing field conditions, damage to access routes and victim documentation, limited *ante-mortem* data, hierarchical communication structures, a lack of data integration across agencies, an uneven distribution of experts, and heavy personnel workloads. The study’s conceptual findings reveal a pattern of inter-agency collaboration characterized by integrated coordination and centralized technical authority. Integrated coordination linked tasks, information, competence, and resources; the collaborative process fostered participation and trust; while the DVI Team’s technical authority ensured the validity and accountability of identity determinations.