Analisis Komparatif Ekstraksi Polifenol dari Chlorella vulgaris Menggunakan Metode Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) dan Metode Konvensional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56338/jks.v9i8.11792Keywords:
Polifenol, Maserasi, Soxhletasi, Microwave-Assisted Exctraction, MikroalgaAbstract
Polifenol adalah senyawa bioaktif yang terkenal memiliki manfaat sebagai antioksidan. Salah satu mikroorganisme sumber polifenol adalah mikroalga Chlorella vulgaris yang susah diekstraksi karena berdinding sel tebal. Selain itu, proses ekstraksi diharapkan lebih ramah lingkungan. Kombinasi ini memaksa inovasi metode ekstraksi baru seperti Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) yang memiliki keunggulan pada waktu ekstraksi yang singkat dan memungkinkan untuk dilakukan subtitusi pelarut organik. Berbagai faktor dapat mempengaruhi hasil ekstraksi. Oleh karena itu diperlukan studi komparasi antara MAE dan metode konvensional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kadar polifenol antara metode MAE, maserasi konvensional dan soxhletasi. Kuantifikasi polifenol dilakukan dengan metode Folin-Ciocalteu. Secara berturut-turut kadar polifenol (mg GAE/ g Sampel) dari tinggi ke rendah yakni soxhletasi (188.73), MAE (3.53) dan maserasi (3.13). MAE tanpa pelarut organik dapat bersaing dengan maserasi konvensional. Namun untuk mencapai efisiensi soxhletasi masih diperlukan upaya optimasi lebih lanjut. Meskipun demikian uji statistik Welch ANOVA (p-value = 0.145) menunjukkan tidak adanya perbedaan signifikan antara metode ekstraksi karena soxhletasi mempunyai variasi data yang tinggi. Oleh karena itu diperlukan studi lebih lanjut dengan memperhatikan ukuran sampel dan optimasi kondisi ekstraksi agar diperoleh analisis komparatif yang lebih komprehensif.
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Agostinho, D., Santos, A., Esperança, J., Reis, P., Duarte, A., & Ventura, M. (2025). From Biomass to Efficient Lipid Recovery: Choline-Based Ionic Liquids and Microwave Extraction of Chlorella vulgaris. Molecules, 30(23), 4611. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30234611
Ayuso, P., Quizhpe, J., Peñalver, R., García-Pérez, P., & Nieto, G. (2025). Green Valorization Strategies of Pleurotus ostreatus and Its By-Products: A Critical Review of Emerging Technologies and Sustainable Applications. Molecules, 30(21), 4318. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30214318
Benavides Escobar, Y. J., Muelas Calambas, J. A., Otero Ramírez, I. D., Muñoz-Pabon, K. S., Sánchez Ortega, J. L., & Nieto Calvache, J. E. (2025). Production of protein biomass from Chlorella vulgaris using foliar fertilizer nutrients. Cleaner Waste Systems, 12, 100337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100337
Bermudez, G., Terenzi, C., Medri, F., Andrisano, V., & Montanari, S. (2024). Extraction and Analytical Methods for the Characterization of Polyphenols in Marine Microalgae: A Review. Marine Drugs, 22(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/md22120538
Cicho?ski, J., & Chrzanowski, G. (2022). Microalgae as a Source of Valuable Phenolic Compounds and Carotenoids. Molecules, 27(24), 8852. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27248852
Dammar, I., Tanti, I., & Amir, L. R. (2023). Analysis of Polyphenol and Antioxidant Chlorella Vulgaris Extract: Preliminary Study. Journal of International Dental and Medical Research, 16(1), 149–153. https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85152641272
Dewi, S. R., Argo, B. D., & Ulya, N. (2018). Kandungan Flavonoid dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Pleurotus ostreatus. Rona Teknik Pertanian, 11(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.17969/rtp.v11i1.9571
Dianursanti, Agustin, Z. L., & Putri, D. N. (2018). Increased lipids production of Nannochloropsis oculata and Chlorella vulgaris for biodiesel synthesis through the optimization of growth medium composition arrangement by using bicarbonate addition. MATEC Web of Conferences, 154, 01009. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815401009
Dianursanti, Rizkytata, B. T., Gumelar, M. T., & Abdullah, T. H. (2014). Industrial Tofu Wastewater as a Cultivation Medium of Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. Energy Procedia, 47, 56–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.01.196
Fassi Fihri, R., Ez-Zoubi, A., Mbarkiou, L., Amar, A., Farah, A., & Bouchamma, E. O. (2024). Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus incrassatulus using natural deep eutectic solvent under microwave assisted by ultrasound. Heliyon, 10(15), e35071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35071
Gavrila, A. I., Damian, E. J., Rosca, A., Calinescu, I., Hodosan, C., & Popa, I. (2025). Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenols from Crataegus monogyna L. Antioxidants, 14(3), 357. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14030357
Georgiopoulou, I., Tzima, S., Louli, V., & Magoulas, K. (2023). Process Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Chlorophyll, Carotenoid and Phenolic Compounds from Chlorella vulgaris and Comparison with Conventional and Supercritical Fluid Extraction. Applied Sciences, 13(4), 2740. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13042740
Hamidah, U., Ajijah, N., Widyarani, & Sintawardani, N. (2022). Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in non-sterilized tofu wastewater anaerobic digestion effluent. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1017(1), 012030. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1017/1/012030
Iriani, D., Feliatra, Hasan, B., Karnila, R., Chaiyanate, N., & Rozi. (2024). Effect of Media Formulations on Chlorophyll, Antioxidant Activity of Chlorella vulgaris and Its Potential as a Health Supplement. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan Dan Kelautan. https://doi.org/10.20473/jipk.vi.61083
Kopp, G., & Lauritano, C. (2025). Greener Extraction Solutions for Microalgal Compounds. Marine Drugs, 23(7), 269. https://doi.org/10.3390/md23070269
Ma’mun, S., Wahyudi, A., & Raghdanesa, A. S. (2022). Growth rate measurements of Chlorella vulgaris in a photobioreactor by Neubauer-improved counting chamber and densitometer. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 963(1), 012015. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/963/1/012015
Martins, R., Barbosa, A., Advinha, B., Sales, H., Pontes, R., & Nunes, J. (2023). Green Extraction Techniques of Bioactive Compounds: A State-of-the-Art Review. Processes, 11(8), 2255. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11082255
Saebi, A., Mahmoudi, E., Markom, M., Minaei, S., Mahdavian, A., Ebadi, M.-T., & Siow, K. S. (2025). Tailoring microalgal extract properties via non-thermal pretreatments: application-specific optimization in Chlorella vulgaris. European Food Research and Technology, 251(12), 4469–4484. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-025-04902-y
Setyawan, R. H., Purbani, D. C., Noerdjito, D. R., Sudiana, I. M., Kusmiati, Saskiawan, I., Purnaningsih, I., & Mulyadi. (2023). The hidden superfood: Microalgae from Indonesia and its potency as functional food ingredients. 050017. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0182806
Shao, P., He, J., Sun, P., & Zhao, P. (2012). Analysis of conditions for microwave-assisted extraction of total water-soluble flavonoids from Perilla Frutescens leaves. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 49(1), 66–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-011-0265-8
Tiwari, S., & Dhakal, N. (2023). Analysis of Variations in Biomolecules during Various Growth Phases of Freshwater Microalgae Chlorella sp. Applied Food Biotechnology, 10(1), 73–84. https://doi.org/10.22037/afb.v10i1.39796
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2026-08-18
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