Analisis Pertanggungjawaban Thomas Lubanga dalam Perspektif Hukum Pidana Internasional

Analysis of Thomas Lubanga’s Criminal Responsibility from the Perspective of International Criminal Law

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pertanggungjawaban pidana Thomas Lubanga Dyilo dalam perspektif hukum pidana internasional serta mengkaji peran, efektivitas, dan kendala International Criminal Court (ICC) dalam penegakan hukum internasional. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan kasus melalui analisis Putusan Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo oleh ICC tahun 2012. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Thomas Lubanga terbukti memenuhi seluruh unsur pertanggungjawaban pidana individu atas kejahatan perang berupa perekrutan dan penggunaan anak di bawah usia 15 tahun dalam konflik bersenjata di Republik Demokratik Kongo. Unsur actus reus, mens rea, serta command responsibility terbukti berdasarkan Statuta Roma, sehingga ICC menjatuhkan pidana penjara selama 14 tahun. Putusan ini memperkuat prinsip individual criminal responsibility, mempertegas perlindungan anak dalam konflik bersenjata, serta menjadi preseden penting dalam perkembangan yurisprudensi hukum pidana internasional. Meskipun demikian, efektivitas ICC masih menghadapi kendala berupa keterbatasan yurisdiksi, ketergantungan pada kerja sama negara, dan lamanya proses peradilan. Oleh karena itu, penguatan implementasi prinsip komplementaritas serta kerja sama internasional diperlukan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas penegakan hukum pidana internasional.

ABSTRACT

This study aims to analyze the international criminal responsibility of Thomas Lubanga Dyilo and examine the role, effectiveness, and challenges of the International Criminal Court (ICC) in enforcing international criminal law. This research employs a normative legal method using a case approach by analyzing the 2012 ICC judgment in Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo. The findings demonstrate that Thomas Lubanga fulfilled all elements of individual criminal responsibility for the war crime of recruiting and using children under the age of fifteen in the armed conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The elements of actus reus, mens rea, and command responsibility were established under the Rome Statute, leading the ICC to sentence him to fourteen years of imprisonment. The judgment reinforces the principle of individual criminal responsibility, strengthens legal protection for children in armed conflict, and establishes an important precedent in the development of international criminal jurisprudence. Nevertheless, the ICC continues to face significant challenges, including limited jurisdiction, dependence on state cooperation, and lengthy judicial proceedings. Strengthening the principle of complementarity and international cooperation is therefore essential to improving the effectiveness of international criminal law enforcement.