Analisis Kecelakaan Pesawat Cessna Caravan C208B EX PK-SNW di Runway Bandara Sinak Papua dalam Perspektif Runway Excursion, Unstabilized Approach, dan Human Factors
Analysis of the Cessna Caravan C208B EX PK-SNW Aircraft Accident on the Runway at Sinak Airport, Papua, from the Perspectives of Runway Excursion, Unstabilized Approach, and Human Factors
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56338/jks.v9i8.11731Keywords:
Kecelakaan Pesawat, Runway Excursion, Unstabilized Approach, Human Factors, Plan Continuation Bias., Aircraft Accident, Runway Excursion, Unstabilized Approach, Human Factors, Plan Continuation Bias.Abstract
Kecelakaan pesawat Cessna Caravan C208B EX registrasi PK-SNW di Runway 35 Bandara Sinak, Papua, pada 30 Agustus 2022 memperlihatkan interaksi antara performa pendaratan, lingkungan operasi, kepatuhan prosedural, dan faktor manusia. Artikel ini menganalisis kecelakaan tersebut melalui studi kasus berbasis dokumen dan narrative literature review. Sumber utama artikel berasal dari laporan final KNKT KNKT.22.08.13.04, sedangkan sumber pendukung meliputi standar ICAO, peraturan Pemerintah Indonesia, buku terbitan sepuluh tahun terakhir, serta artikel ilmiah lima tahun terakhir. Analisis dilakukan dengan mengelompokkan fakta kecelakaan ke dalam lima kategori, yaitu runway excursion, unstabilized approach, landing performance, recorded electronic data, dan human factors. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pesawat melewati ambang landasan dengan ketinggian dan kecepatan di atas kondisi ideal, mengalami sink rate berlebih, melakukan touchdown melewati touchdown zone, mengalami bounce, dan kehilangan margin jarak berhenti pada runway basah. Dari sisi manusia, plan continuation bias dan tekanan internal untuk menyelesaikan penerbangan berpotensi memengaruhi keputusan pilot untuk tetap mendarat meskipun parameter pendekatan tidak memenuhi kriteria stabilized approach. Artikel ini menegaskan bahwa pencegahan kejadian serupa membutuhkan disiplin go-around, pelatihan pengambilan keputusan berbasis skenario, pemantauan data penerbangan, penguatan fungsi pilot monitoring, dan pengawasan operasional berbasis risiko.
ABSTRACT
The accident involving a Cessna Caravan C208B EX aircraft, registered PK-SNW, at Runway 35 of Sinak Airport, Papua, on 30 August 2022 demonstrates the interaction between landing performance, operating environment, procedural compliance, and human factors. This article analyzes the accident using a document-based case study and narrative literature review. The primary source is the KNKT final report(KNKT, 2025), supported by ICAO standards, Indonesian aviation regulations, aviation books published within the last ten years, and scientific articles published within the last five years. The analysis classifies accident facts into five categories: runway excursion, unstabilized approach, landing performance, recorded electronic data, and human factors. The review indicates that the aircraft crossed the runway threshold at a higher altitude and speed than the ideal condition, experienced an excessive sink rate, touched down beyond the touchdown zone, bounced, and lost stopping-distance margin on a wet runway. From the human factors perspective, plan continuation bias and self-imposed pressure to complete the flight may have influenced the pilot’s decision to land despite the approach parameters not meeting stabilized approach criteria. This article argues that preventing similar occurrences requires go-around discipline, scenario-based decision-making training, flight data monitoring, stronger pilot-monitoring functions, and risk-based operational oversight.
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