Analisis Pengambilan Keputusan Pemerintah dalam Implementasi Program Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG)
Analysis of Government Decision-Making in the Implementation of the Free Nutritious Meals (MBG) Program
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56338/jks.v9i7.11618Keywords:
Pengambilan Keputusan, Program MBG, Implementasi Kebijakan, Bounded Rationality, Koordinasi Kelembagaan, Decision-Making, MBG Program, Policy Implementation, Bounded Rationality, Institutional CoordinationAbstract
Program Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) merupakan salah satu program unggulan pemerintahan Presiden Prabowo Subianto yang diluncurkan pada Januari 2025 dengan alokasi anggaran awal sebesar Rp71 triliun. Program ini menyasar pemenuhan kebutuhan gizi bagi kelompok rentan, khususnya anak usia sekolah, ibu hamil, dan balita. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis proses pengambilan keputusan pemerintah dalam merumuskan dan mengimplementasikan program MBG, mengidentifikasi model dan aktor kunci yang paling berpengaruh, mengevaluasi hambatan operasional yang dihadapi, serta merumuskan rekomendasi kebijakan strategis. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi literatur, bersumber dari jurnal ilmiah bereputasi, dokumen kebijakan resmi, dan laporan lembaga pemerintah yang ditelusuri melalui Google Scholar, Portal Garuda, dan SINTA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengambilan keputusan MBG lebih mencerminkan model bounded rationality dengan nuansa kelembagaan yang kuat, di mana keterbatasan informasi dan tekanan politik mewarnai setiap tahap keputusan. Aktor kunci meliputi Kemenko PMK, Bapanas, dan Kemenkes di tingkat pusat, serta Bappeda dan Dinas Ketahanan Pangan di daerah. Hambatan utama yang teridentifikasi adalah fragmentasi logistik, inkonsistensi data penerima manfaat, dan lemahnya koordinasi lintas kementerian. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada penguatan kerangka analitik pengambilan keputusan kebijakan sosial di Indonesia, dengan menawarkan model desentralisasi adaptif sebagai alternatif solusi.
ABSTRACT
The Free Nutritious Meals Program (MBG) is one of the flagship programs of President Prabowo Subianto’s administration, launched in January 2025 with an initial budget allocation of Rp71 trillion. This program aims to meet the nutritional needs of vulnerable groups, particularly school-age children, pregnant women, and toddlers. This study aims to analyze the government’s decision-making process in formulating and implementing the MBG program, identify the most influential models and key actors, evaluate the operational obstacles encountered, and formulate strategic policy recommendations. The method used was qualitative research employing a literature review approach, drawing from reputable scientific journals, official policy documents, and government agency reports sourced through Google Scholar, the Garuda Portal, and SINTA. The research findings indicate that MBG decision-making more closely reflects a model of bounded rationality with strong institutional nuances, where information constraints and political pressures shape every stage of the decision-making process. Key actors include the Coordinating Ministry for Human Development and Culture (Kemenko PMK), the National Food Agency (Bapanas), and the Ministry of Health (Kemenkes) at the central level, as well as Regional Development Planning Agencies (Bappeda) and Food Security Offices at the regional level. The main obstacles identified are logistical fragmentation, inconsistencies in beneficiary data, and weak inter-ministerial coordination. This study contributes to strengthening the analytical framework for social policy decision-making in Indonesia by proposing an adaptive decentralization model as an alternative solution.
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