Analisis Pengaruh Faktor Teknologi, Organisasi, dan Lingkungan terhadap Adopsi AI melalui Inovasi sebagai Mediasi: Studi pada Perbankan Indonesia
Analysis of the Influence of Technological, Organizational, and Environmental Factors on AI Adoption through Innovation as a Mediating Variable: A Study of the Indonesian Banking Sector
Abstract
“Perubahan digital mendorong industri perbankan untuk mengintegrasikan kecerdasan buatan (artificial intelligence) dalam rangka meningkatkan efektivitas operasional serta menunjang penerapan tanggung jawab sosial korporasi (corporate social responsibility). Kajian ini bertujuan menilai pengaruh aspek teknologi, organisasi, dan lingkungan dalam kerangka Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) terhadap intensi penerapan AI, sekaligus menguji peran inovasi organisasi sebagai variabel mediasi pada sektor perbankan di Indonesia. Studi menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei terhadap 70 partisipan yang merupakan pengambil keputusan di lembaga perbankan, melalui teknik sampling jenuh (sensus). Data diperoleh menggunakan kuesioner berskala Likert lima poin dan dianalisis dengan perangkat lunak SPSS melalui uji validitas, reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik, serta uji hipotesis (uji t dan uji F). Hasil kajian memperlihatkan bahwa aspek teknologi (kapabilitas teknologi dan keunggulan relatif), aspek organisasi (pengetahuan pengambil keputusan dan kekuatan finansial), serta sebagian besar aspek lingkungan (kesiapan mitra, persepsi manfaat, dukungan pemerintah, dan keberadaan sistem hukum) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap penerapan AI. Inovasi organisasi terbukti memediasi keterkaitan tersebut, meskipun ketika inovasi dimasukkan sebagai mediasi, pengaruh dukungan pemerintah menjadi tidak signifikan. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa kapabilitas inovasi merupakan mekanisme utama yang menerjemahkan faktor kontekstual TOE menjadi keputusan penerapan AI dalam inisiatif CSR.”
ABSTRACT
“Digitalization motivates the banking industry to integrate artificial intelligence to enhance operational effectiveness and to sustain the execution of corporate social responsibility. This research intends to evaluate the impact of technological, organizational, and environmental aspects within the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework on the intention to implement AI, and to assess the role of organizational innovation as a mediating variable in the Indonesian banking industry. The research applies a quantitative approach using a survey method on 70 participants who are decision-makers in banking institutions, chosen through saturated (census) sampling. Data were obtained through a five-point Likert scale questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software through validity, reliability, classical assumption, and hypothesis tests (t-test and F-test). The findings reveal that technological aspects (technology competence and relative advantage), organization factors (decision-maker knowledge and financial strength), and most environment factors (partner readiness, perceived benefit, government support, and legal system presence) have a positive and significant effect on AI adoption. Organizational innovation is proven to mediate these relationships, although when innovation is included as a mediator, the effect of government support becomes insignificant. These findings confirm that innovation capability is the key mechanism translating the contextual TOE factors into AI adoption decisions in CSR initiatives.”
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