Analisis Kepatuhan Tenaga Kefarmasian Terhadap Regulasi Pengelolaan Obat di Sarana Pelayanan Farmasi : Studi Kualitatif Pada Apotek dan Puskesmas

Pharmacheutical Personnel Compliance Wiyh Drug Management Regulation at Pharmacies and Community Heallth Centers : A Qualitative Study

Abstract

Regulasi pengelolaan obat di sarana pelayanan farmasi disusun untuk menjamin mutu, keamanan, dan keselamatan pasien, namun implementasinya di lapangan masih menunjukkan kesenjangan antara ketentuan normatif dan praktik sehari-hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis secara mendalam bagaimana tenaga kefarmasian memahami dan menjalankan kepatuhan terhadap regulasi pengelolaan obat di apotek dan puskesmas. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Lokasi penelitian meliputi apotek dan puskesmas di wilayah Kota Kendari. Narasumber dipilih secara purposif, terdiri dari apoteker penanggung jawab, apoteker pendamping, dan tenaga teknis kefarmasian, berjumlah dua belas orang. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi non-partisipan, dan telaah dokumen, kemudian dianalisis secara tematik. Pemahaman narasumber terhadap regulasi pengelolaan obat secara normatif tergolong memadai, tetapi penerapannya dalam penyimpanan, pencatatan, dan pelaporan—khususnya untuk narkotika dan psikotropika—belum sepenuhnya konsisten. Kepatuhan dipengaruhi oleh keterbatasan sumber daya manusia, sarana penyimpanan, beban kerja, serta intensitas pengawasan, audit internal, penguatan sesama rekan kerja, dan sistem pencatatan digital berperan mendukung kepatuhan. Kesimpulan: Kepatuhan tenaga kefarmasian terhadap regulasi pengelolaan obat tidak semata ditentukan oleh pengetahuan regulasi, melainkan juga oleh dukungan struktural, literasi digital, dan pengawasan di tingkat sarana pelayanan.

Drug management regulations at pharmaceutical service facilities are designed to ensure quality, safety, and patient protection, yet field evidence still shows gaps between normative provisions and daily practice. This study aimed to analyze in depth how pharmaceutical personnel understand and enact compliance with drug management regulations at pharmacies and community health centers (Puskesmas). A qualitative descriptive design with a phenomenological approach was used. The study was conducted at pharmacies and Puskesmas in Kendari City. Twelve narasumberts were purposively selected, comprising responsible pharmacists, supporting pharmacists, and pharmaceutical technical personnel. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, non-participant observation, and document review, then analyzed thematically. Narasumberts' normative understanding of drug management regulations was generally adequate, but its application in storage, documentation, and reporting—particularly for narcotics and psychotropics—was not fully consistent. Compliance was shaped by staffing limitations, storage infrastructure, workload, and supervision intensity, while internal audits, peer reinforcement, and digital recording systems supported more consistent compliance. Pharmaceutical personnel compliance with drug management regulations is determined not only by regulatory knowledge but also by structural support, digital literacy, and supervision at the facility level.