Optimasi Ekstrak Daun Pecut Kuda Menggunakan Simplex Centroid Design: Kajian Sitotoksisitas
Optimization of horse leaf extraction using simplex centroid desaign: cytotoxicity study
Abstract
Abstrak: Tanaman pecut kuda dapat mengurangi radang tenggorokan, amandel, batuk, pilek. Adapun potensi bioaktivitas tanaman pecut kuda diantaranya sebagai antioksidan, antibakteri, antiinflamasi. Senyawa kimia yang terdapat pada pecut kuda antara lain flavonoid, fenol, saponin, glikosida, tanin dan steroid. Senyawa tersebut memiliki karakteristik semipolar-polar sehingga untuk pemisahan senyawa menggunakan pelarut semipolar-polar. Metode pemisahan senyawa pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode maserasi. Pelarut yang digunakan berupa etanol,n-heksan dan etil asetat dan proses optimasi pelarut tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan salah satu teknik pada response surface mixture yaitu Simplex centroid design. Hasil optimasi dianalisis berdasarkan yield ekstraksi yang akan dilanjutkan dengan menentukan nilai konsentrasi bunuh minimum (LC50) sitotoksisitas yang diperoleh dari pengujian sitotoksisitas akut pada larva Artemia salina Leach setelah diberi perlakukan dan didiamkan selama 24 jam. Uji sitotoksisitas dilakukan pada ekstrak dengan nilai %yield ekstrak tertinggi yakni ekstrak etanol (kode EE). Nilai LC50 dari semua ekstrak menunjukan potensi toksik. LC50 yang diperoleh pada ekstrak etanol sebesar 343,094 g/mL. sehingga diperoleh informasi bahwa ekstrak etanol daun pecut kuda memiliki sitoksisitas aktif dan potensi bioaktivitas yang tinggi. Nilai LC50 < 1000 ?g/ml berbanding lurus dengan potensi antiproliferasi dan antibakteri begitupun juga dengan inhibisi enzimatis alpha-Glukosidase dan alpha-amilase dalam penelitian antidiabetes secara In Vitro, sehingga pengujian lanjutan terkait potensi ekstrak etanol daun pecut kuda sebagai antiproliferasi, antibakteri, uji inhibisi enzimatis alpha-Glukosidase dan alpha-amilase menjadi target penelitian lanjutan.
Abstract: Horsewhip can reduce sore throats, tonsils, coughs and colds. The potential bioactivity of the horsewhip plant includes antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Chemical compounds found in horse whip include flavonoids, phenols, saponins, glycosides, tannins and steroids. This compound has semipolar-polar characteristics so that the separation of the compound uses a semipolar-polar solvent. The method for separating compounds in this research uses the maceration method. The solvents used are ethanol, n-hexane and ethyl acetate and the solvent optimization process can be carried out using one of the response surface mixture techniques, namely Simplex centroid design. The optimization results were analyzed based on the extraction yield which will be followed by determining the minimum kill concentration (LC50) cytotoxicity value obtained from acute cytotoxicity testing on Artemia salina Leach larvae after being treated and left for 24 hours.Cytotoxicity test was carried out on the extract with the highest extract yield value, namely the ethanol extract (code EE). The LC50 value of all extracts showed toxic potential. The LC50 obtained from the ethanol extract was 343.094 g/mL. Thus, information was obtained that the ethanol extract of horse whip leaves has active cytotoxicity and high bioactivity potential. The LC50 value < 1000 ?g/ml is directly proportional to the antiproliferative and antibacterial potential as well as the enzymatic inhibition of alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase in in vitro antidiabetic research, so further testing is related to the potential of horsewhip leaf ethanol extract as antiproliferative, antibacterial, inhibition test Enzymatic alpha-Glucosidase and alpha-amylase are the targets of further research.
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