Journal of Public Health and Pharmacy

Work Stress and Load as Predictors of Fatigue in Bakery Workers: Implications for Ergonomic Interventions

Fri, 05 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Introduction: Work-related fatigue poses a significant challenge to worker productivity and well-being, particularly in physically demanding sectors such as the bakery industry. This study investigates the association between psychological stress, physical workload, and work-related fatigue among informal bakery workers in Batang, Indonesia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 52 workers over a two-month period (July–August 2022). Data were collected through direct observation, physiological measurements, and structured questionnaires covering worker characteristics, stress levels, workload (measured via heart rate monitoring), heat stress (WBGT index), and fatigue (measured using a reaction timer). Bivariate analysis (Fisher’s Exact Test) and multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify significant predictors of fatigue.

Results: Multivariate analysis showed that both work stress and workload were significantly associated with work-related fatigue. Workers experiencing psychological stress had nearly three times the odds of fatigue (OR = 2.901; p = 0.047), while those with heavy workloads had over nine times the risk (OR = 9.446; p = 0.007). In contrast, heat stress and work tenure were not statistically significant predictors.

Conclusion: These findings highlight the critical role of stress and workload in contributing to occupational fatigue. Interventions such as mental health support, ergonomic task redesign, and workload management are essential for improving well-being and safety among informal bakery workers. Future studies should explore additional mediating factors, including coping mechanisms and workplace social support, to inform holistic fatigue prevention strategies.

Innovative Oil from STIFA Pelita Mas for Glycemic Control and Tissue Regeneration in Diabetic Rats

Joni Tandi, Muthmainah Tuldjanah, Tien Wahyu Handayani — Fri, 05 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a significant global health problem with increasing prevalence in Indonesia. Conventional management of diabetes mellitus is often accompanied by side effects and high costs, prompting the search for alternatives based on natural ingredients. STIFA Pelita Mas Herbal Oil is an innovative formulation that combines various efficacious natural ingredients, but its effectiveness on histopathological changes in pancreatic and kidney tissues due to diabetes has not been comprehensively explored. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and mechanism of action of STIFA Pelita Mas Herbal Oil on reducing blood glucose levels, repairing pancreatic tissue damage, and kidneys in a streptozotocin-induced rat model.

Methods: This study used a quantitative approach with an experimental design on 30 male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) divided into 6 treatment groups. STIFA Pelita Mas Herbal Oil is made by combining simplicia (Shallots, Garlic, Ginger, Curcuma zanthorrhiza, Lemongrass red, and Piper ornatum leaves) with various oils (VCO, eucalyptus oil, citronella oil, olive oil, and cinnamomum cullilawan). Diabetes was induced using streptozotocin (40 mg/kg BW) intraperitoneally. The parameters measured included blood glucose levels and histopathological changes in the kidneys and pancreas with Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. Data were analyzed using One Way ANOVA followed by the LSD or Kruskal-Wallis test.

Result: The results showed that all three herbal oil formulas were able to lower blood glucose levels, with formula 1 and formula 3 showing comparable effectiveness to glibenclamide on day 28. In histopathological observations of the kidneys, formula 3 showed the best effectiveness in repairing damage to renal tubule and glomerular cells with a damage score of 0, equivalent to normal controls. Similarly, in histopathological observations of the pancreas, formula 3 showed the highest effectiveness in repairing damage to pancreatic beta cells with a damage score of 0.2, not significantly different from normal and positive controls.

Conclusion: Stifa Pelita Mas herbal oil, especially formula 3, has the potential as an effective antidiabetic agent in lowering blood glucose levels and repairing tissue damage in the kidneys and pancreas due to diabetes. Future research should focus on dose variations to see at what dose this oil is effective.

Field Test of Clove Oil (Syzigium aromaticum) as Biolarvacide Against Mosquito Lavrae

Fri, 05 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Introduction: The vector control that should be carried out today is biological control made from natural ingredients to reduce the negative impacts of the use of chemicals. Therefore, this research aims to examine the ability of residual oil from clove leaves (Syzigium aromaticum) to kill the larvae of the mosquito through field tests.

Methods: This research uses experimental methods carried out in the field. This investigation is a follow-up investigation based on laboratory test results. This research uses test larvae obtained directly from the field without going through the breeding process in the laboratory. This research used the concentration of clover leaf (Syzigium aromaticum) residual oil that was adopted from laboratory test results, that is, a concentration of 0.006%; 0.007%; 0.008%; 0.009% and 0.01%. This research uses guidelines from the WHO Guidelines testing standards.

Results: The results of this research show that waste oil from clove leaves (Syzigium aromaticum) is capable of killing mosquito larvae in field tests. For Aedes aegyipti larvae, the concentration that is effective in killing larvae starts from a concentration of 0.008%-0.01%, while in tests with Culex sp and Anopheles sp larvae, leaf waste oil Clove (Syzigium aromaticum) is effective in killing larvae at all. concentrations (0.006-0.01%). The implications and significance of this research show that clove leaf (Syzigium aromaticum) waste oil has proven to be effective as a base for developing natural and economical larvicidal products and can support government programs to eradicate diseases such as dengue, malaria and chikungunya, which are caused by mosquito vectors

Conclusion: Waste oil from clove leaves (Syzigium aromaticum) can be used as an alternative ingredient to kill Aedes aegypti, Culex sp and Anopheles sp mosquito larvae in field tests.

Pharmacist-Doctor Collaboration Gaps & Diabetes Patient Quality of Life: Case study at Hospital X in Magelang

Fri, 05 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

ntroduction: According to data gathered from the Medical Records Unit of Hospital (RS) X in Magelang City for the year 2022, diabetes was the most prevalent condition, with a total of 2,866 recorded cases. To enhance treatment outcomes for patients, particularly those with chronic diseases, it is essential for physicians and pharmacists to collaborate effectively. Effective communication and collaboration among healthcare professionals, including physicians and pharmacists, are crucial to ensure seamless service delivery. This study aims to examine the gaps in collaboration among healthcare professionals—particularly between pharmacists and physicians—by exploring the current implementation of collaboration, identifying the challenges faced, and recommending strategies to optimize pharmacist-physician collaboration. Strengthening this collaboration may contribute to improving the quality of life of patients with diabetes.

Methods: This study employs a qualitative approach, utilizing data collection methods such as interviews and focus group discussions, structured into seven distinct stages. The participants in this study include medical professionals, pharmacists, members of the pharmacy and therapeutics committees, hospital management personnel, and patients. Data analysis was conducted using explicitation techniques with the aid of the NVivo 12 software application, resulting in the identification of four key themes.

Results: Through a qualitative approach, four main themes were identified. The first theme is the role of the Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee, where the committee is responsible for drug selection, monitoring expired medications, compiling and distributing the hospital formulary, and providing appropriate therapy recommendations. The second theme is collaboration implementation, which is carried out through regular meetings, patient education, confirmation of drug availability and usage instructions, as well as coordination among healthcare professionals. The third theme is efforts to enhance collaboration, which include formulary updates, evaluation of drug needs, education for patients and medical personnel, and strengthening of standard operating procedures (SOPs) and interprofessional communication. The fourth theme is collaboration barriers, which include limitations in human resources, delayed communication, suboptimal evaluation of pharmaceutical personnel, and collaboration that is not yet fully integrated.

Conclusion: The partnership between doctors and pharmacists at Hospital X in Magelang City in providing care for diabetes mellitus patients is in place but requires further optimization. To strengthen collaboration, the hospital can implement a structured interprofessional framework, including formal communication channels, cross-professional training, supportive internal policies, and active involvement of hospital management. These efforts are expected to enhance team effectiveness and improve the overall quality of patient care.

Evaluation and Study of the Cost of Illness of Tuberculosis in Indonesia: A Systematic Review

Hikmah Nova, Yunita Nita, Yuni Priyandani — Fri, 05 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health challenge in Indonesia, ranking among the highest global TB burden countries. The financial burden of TB is substantial, encompassing direct medical costs, indirect income losses, and catastrophic household expenditures. Although systematic reviews on TB-related cost-of-illness (COI) have been conducted in various settings, this study aims to fill critical gaps in Indonesian TB financial data, provide comparative regional insights, and offer actionable policy recommendations.

Methods: This study used the Systematic Review (SR) method on articles relevant to: COI, disease cost evaluation, or therapy costs for tuberculosis. Articles are examined in English or Indonesian; obtain full text through several search engines such as: PUBMED, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and SCOPUS; research coverage in Indonesia; and in an unlimited time frame.

Results: A total of 11 eligible articles were obtained based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The direct cost of TB-DS ranges from Rp2.2-5.8 million, while TB-MDR reaches Rp190 million. Indirect costs due to loss of revenue reached Rp481.5 million for MDR-TB. Catastrophic costs occurred in 83% of TB-MDR households and 36% of TB-DS, exceeding 20% of annual income. Most patients were men of productive age (18-45 years), with 82.33% losing their jobs during treatment. These findings highlight the need for strategic interventions to reduce the economic impact of TB.

Conclusions: The impact of moderate financial burdens and other medical aspects on institutions and individuals is caused by tuberculosis. Further research should be conducted related to this study to obtain a larger estimate.

The Analysis of Stigmatisation and Community Acceptance in Malang City towards Wolbachia-infected Aedes aegypti in Dengue Fever Vector Control

Fri, 05 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Introduction: Dengue fever is a top ten global health threat according to the World Health Organisation (WHO). Indonesia, especially Malang City has 560 dengue haemorrhagic fever cases in 2022 with Sukun Sub-district having the highest number of 159 cases. Dengue haemorrhagic fever vector control carried out by the government is currently 3M (drain, cover, and recycle) where it is still conventional. Whereas generally now there have been many studies on dengue vector control innovations, one of which is the Ae. aegypti with Wolbachia. The programme has been implemented in Yogyakarta and resulted in a decrease in dengue fever cases. The purpose of this study was to analyse the stigma and acceptance of the community in Malang City towards the Wolbachia-infected Ae. aegypti with Wolbachia programme in controlling dengue haemorrhagic fever vector.

Methods: The method used was cross-sectional using questionnaires to 100 communities in Sukun Sub-district, Malang City with non-dense and dense populations.

Results: The results showed that 87.5% of densely populated communities were aware of the programme, while only 5% of non-densely populated communities were aware of the programme. Based on the questionnaire results, it is known that the majority of community concerns about the programme between non-dense and dense communities are the same, namely the cost and health risks. However, after distributing the comic "What is Ae. aegypti with Wolbachia?" the community's acceptance towards the programme was found to be majority accepting. The community also hoped that there would be a socialisation activity from the relevant government for the next step of implementation.

Conclusion: This study concluded that the community had a positive stigma and acceptance towards the Wolbachia-infected Ae. aegypti with Wolbachia programme if implemented in their area.

Active Membership in Indonesian National Health Insurance: A District Level Analysis

Asmaripa Ainy, Pujiyanto Pujiyanto — Fri, 05 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Introduction: The Indonesian National Health Insurance (JKN) program in Indonesia has played an important role in providing access to health services for the community. Active membership is a key element in the development of the JKN program in Indonesia. High levels of active membership ensure financial stability, expanded coverage, and improved access to healthcare services. However, active membership in the program remains a challenge, with membership rates varying across regions. The purpose of this study was to analyze active membership and the factors influencing it at the district level.

Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. Secondary data were sourced from the provincial central bureau of statistics in Indonesia and data from system monitoring of the national social security council in 2023. Data analysis was conducted at the district level with a sample size of 479 districts and municipalities. Robust multiple linear regression analysis was employed to assess the influence between literacy, employment, illness history, household expenditure, and active JKN membership.

Results: Findings based on cross-sectional data indicate that literacy and employment positively affect active JKN membership, while household expenditure has a negative effect; the illness history variable is not significant. Despite the model's overall significance (Prob > F = 0.00), it explains only 8.47% of the variation in JKN active membership (R-squared = 0.08).

Conclusion: Socioeconomic variables such as literacy, employment, and household expenditure are essential in developing JKN membership policies. Educational programs to raise health insurance awareness, along with policy interventions aimed at improving literacy, employment stability, and people's economic well-being, can contribute to increased membership in JKN.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Outpatient Rehabilitation Programs for Drug Users: A Case Study from South Sulawesi

Fri, 05 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Introduction: Drug abuse is currently a major public health issue, with drug use considered one of the primary risk behaviors leading to the development of various problems. The establishment of primary clinics within the National Narcotics Agency (BNN) at the provincial, city, and district levels aims to maximize the reach of addicts and provide rehabilitation services, particularly outpatient rehabilitation. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of outpatient rehabilitation programs for drug users at the South Sulawesi Provincial National Narcotics Agency.

Methods: This research employed an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional study approach. The population consisted of all outpatient rehabilitation clients at BNNP South Sulawesi, with a sample of 113 individuals selected using accidental sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and observations. Data processing was conducted using Stata, and data analysis included univariate and bivariate analyses using the Chi-Square statistical test. The data presentation was provided in tables accompanied by narrative explanations.

Results: The study revealed that 109 respondents (96.46%) rated the effectiveness of the drug rehabilitation program as good, while 4 respondents (3.54%) rated it as less effective. The statistical tests indicated significant relationships for program understanding (p = 0.000), goal achievement (p = 0.018), and tangible changes (p = 0.018).

Conclusion: The Chi-Square test results for the variables of program understanding, goal achievement, and tangible changes yielded p-values < 0.05, leading to the rejection of H0 and acceptance of Ha. This indicates a significant relationship between these variables and the effectiveness of the drug rehabilitation program.

Mental Health Shadows: Accompanying Medication Compliance Towards Healing Tuberculosis Patients

Indra Fajarwati Ibnu, Shanti Riskiyani, Rizky Chaeraty Syam — Fri, 05 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Introduction: Mental health disturbances may adversely affect treatment adherence and outcomes among pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients, but there is a lack of consensus on the relationship. Despite TB being one of the top ten causes of death worldwide, particularly in low and middle-income countries, the comorbidity between TB and mental health disorders has been relatively neglected. Evidence shows that TB and mental health have a bidirectional relationship, so we aimed to elucidate the challenges linked with integrating mental health into TB care with an emphasis on novel suggestions for improving treatment success.

Methods: This qualitative study utilized a phenomenological design and was implemented in hospitals and community health centers in Makassar City for six months. We enrolled 10 patients of coexisting pulmonary TB and mental health disturbances. We collected data through participant observations and in-depth semi-structured interviews. Ethics approval was obtained from the Health Research Ethics Commission, Faculty of Public Health Hasanuddin University No.583/UN4. 14. 1/TP. 01.02/2024 and written informed consent was obtained from participants.

Result: Mental health disturbances related to poor TB treatment adherence. Both depression and anxiety patients cited disengagement from treatment because of apathy, lack of motivation, and social isolation due to stigma. Inadequately treated mental health symptoms also aggravated physical TB symptom's severity causing further increased non-adherence. Themes of stigma, limited mental health support and positive effects of social networks were identified through statistical analyses. To our surprise, those with the most solid family support fared better despite serious mental illnesses.

Conclusion: Collectively, our findings underscore the importance of mental health disturbances on treatment adherence in TB. The findings from this research highlight the critical importance of incorporating mental health screening and psychosocial support into TB programmes. Studies to come should assess the effectiveness of such interventions, paving the way for integrated care of TB patients.

The Communication and Seeking Information of Mental Health Services among Students in Universitas Airlangga Indonesia

Sri Widati, Suria Zainuddin, Pooja Garg, Ira Nurmala, Rizma Dwi Nastiti — Fri, 05 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Introduction: For teenagers, mental health is a big problem during the COVID-19 pandemic and post pandemic. Only a few teenagers seek professional help for mental health problems. In the last 12 months, only 2.6% of youth with mental health problems used mental health facilities or counseling to deal with their emotional and behavioral problems. The purpose of study is to determine the effect of demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, social support, ability to do self-efficacy, distance to health services and stigma on the intention and behavior of seeking mental health services among students at the Universitas Airlangga Indonesia.

Methods: The research is a cross-sectional study using questionnaires distributed through google form. The participants are 324 Universitas Airlangga students. The data was analyzed by logistic regression to examine the effect of independent variables to dependents variables.

Results: The results showed that the attitude of the respondents, the ability of the respondents in self-control and the intention as well as social support have significant influence on the behavior of students in seeking mental health services.

Conclusion: Campus should provide full support to students in seeking mental health services by providing infrastructure and communication system, both physical and mental, such as counseling services with professionals.

Optimizing Surveillance for Early Detection of High-Risk Pregnancy, Neonatal, and Child Risks with Tinamila.com Application

Suhartini Suhartini, Ahmad Ahmad — Fri, 05 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Introduction: In 2021, Indonesia recorded 2,982 maternal deaths related to Covid-19, highlighting a pressing health issue. The high maternal mortality rate underscores the need for innovation in the early detection of health risks for pregnant women and children. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the tinamila.com application in the early detection of high-risk pregnant women, neonates, and high-risk children at the Mandala Community Health Center in 2023.

Methods: This study combines both quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data is collected through a cross-sectional approach using chi-square tests and secondary data from weekly reports submitted by Community Health Workers (Kader), while qualitative data is gathered through in-depth interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with healthcare professionals and Kader. The research population consists of ten respondents from the healthcare sector, including the Head of the Community Health Center, Puskesmas Administrative Staff, Surveillance Personnel, the Coordinator Midwife, and six Village Midwives, with 96 Kader selected as the sample. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test.

Results: Findings reveal cadre characteristics, with 76% demonstrating good to very good knowledge and 90.6% using the application. Bivariate analysis indicates a significant correlation between knowledge and application effectiveness (p-value = 0.000, OR value = 10.5) and between training and application effectiveness (p-value = 0.001, OR value = 12.5).

Conclusion:The study concludes that the tinamila.com application is effective in early detection, recommending its continued use for reporting morbidity and mortality rates. Suggestions include processing and analyzing reported data, providing feedback and rewards to cadres, and ensuring ongoing support for sustained application use.

Evaluation of Rapid Reaction Unit Policies for Handling Extreme Poverty, Inflation and Stunting in Harmony in Efforts to Reduce Stunting Rates in North Konawe Regency

Sartini Risky, Ari Nofitasari, Asbath Asbath; Islaeli Islaeli — Fri, 05 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Introduction: Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem in children. The prevalence of stunting in the North Konawe District Health Service area in 2022 will be 21.6% and in 2023 it will be 25.6%. One of the public policy steps taken by the North Konawe Regency Government is the implementation of the URC KISS program, but it has never been evaluated effectively. The aim of the research is to evaluate the rapid response unit's policies for handling extreme poverty, inflation and stunting in harmony with efforts to reduce stunting rates.

Methods: The type of research is qualitative research, case study design. The subjects in this research were 12 people consisting of 2 key informants and 10 ordinary informants. Sampling technique using the Snowball Sampling. Data analysis, by analyse the data reduction stages, data display and drawing conclusions.

Results: The results of the research on the evaluation of financing input were funded directly from the regional government, available human resources and according to their competence, available infrastructure in the form of cars, motorbikes and anthropometric measuring equipment. And accompanied by guidelines for efforts to reduce stunting rates in North Konawe Regency. Then the planning process implemented is to collect family card data, organization is structured and implementation is by providing additional food and groceries. Then monitoring the toddler's height every week is carried out. Output is in the form of providing additional food and foods such as oil, eggs. The outcome is that the prevalence of stunting will decrease, namely in 2023 it will be 6% and in 2024 it will be 5.4%.

Conclusion: Input evaluation available as needed. The process was carried out well. The output was implemented by providing local supplementary food and the outcome was that the prevalence of stunting reached 5.4%.

Predictors of Quality of Life in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in Surabaya, Indonesia

Abdul Aziz Alimul Hidayat, Ratna Agustin, Sri Mudji Lestari — Fri, 05 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Introduction: Hemodialysis is the primary therapy for patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease. While it provides essential medical benefits, the procedure also imposes significant physical, psychological, and social challenges, impacting patients’ quality of life. The quality of life of patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is influenced by various factors, including individual characteristics such as age, nutritional status, duration of hemodialysis, occupation, gender, and level of education. Advanced age is often associated with a decline in physiological function and an increased risk of complications. Poor nutritional status or malnutrition is linked to higher morbidity and mortality rates. The length of time a patient undergoes hemodialysis may also affect their physical and psychological adaptation, either positively or negatively. This study aims to analyze the predictive factors influencing the quality of life among chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis at a private hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia.

Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design involving 160 respondents selected through probability random sampling. Data were collected using the Kidney Disease Quality of Life-Short Form (KDQOL-SF) questionnaire and analyzed using multiple logistic regression to determine significant factors associated with quality of life.

Results: The analysis revealed significant associations between age (p=0.001; OR=0.008), duration of hemodialysis (p=0.010; OR=25.916), and nutritional status (p=0.000; OR=0.003) with patients’ quality of life. Patients with poor nutritional status and prolonged hemodialysis duration were at a higher risk of experiencing a decline in quality of life.

Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of routine nutritional assessments and targeted monitoring for elderly patients and those with long-term hemodialysis. These strategies are critical to optimizing the quality of life among hemodialysis patients.

Diabetes Mellitus Preventive Behaviour in The Sibela Community Health Center; Determinant Factor

Fri, 05 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a severe problem in the world and Indonesia. The prevalence of DM at Sibela Community Health Center in Surakarta City in 2021 was 3.37%, the highest in Surakarta City. Efforts are needed to prevent DM through behavioral interventions. Several factors influence DM prevention behavior, such as family history, family support, knowledge, and attitudes.

Methods: The independent variables in this study include family history, family support, knowledge, and attitude. This study is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional approach. The population of this study were people who lived in the Sibela Health Center Working Area and did not suffer from DM. The sample in this study was 167 respondents, with a sampling technique using purposive sampling. The research instrument used a questionnaire with data collection techniques in the form of interviews. Data analysis used logistic regression with a confidence level of 95% and a significance level of ? = 0.05.

Results: The results showed that there was a relationship between attitude and DM prevention behavior (p-value = 0.016), and there was no relationship between family history (p-value = 0.719), family support (p-value = 0.131), and knowledge (p-value = 0.815) with DM prevention behavior.

Conclusion: Attitude is one of the determinant factors related to DM preventive behavior, it is hoped that the POSBINDU PTM can be implemented more broadly and comprehensively through the program, such as developing a physical agenda, training to improve skills such as meal planning, exercise, and stress management, training cadres on skills, and providing remote health access.

Public Reactions to Indonesia's KRIS Policy: A Textual Network Analysis of Digital Legitimacy

Fri, 05 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

ntroduction: Through the Presidential Regulation No. 59 of 2024 issued on May 8, 2024, the Government of Indonesia announced the elimination of the three-class inpatient service (Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3) in Indonesia. The regulation introduces a single standard inpatient service class (KRIS), effective July 1, 2025. This study analyzes the KRIS nursing policy by exploring comments on YouTube news reports during two distinct periods: before and after the policy announcement. It also evaluates the impact of public communication efforts by relevant institutions on public support for the policy. Methodologically, this study introduces a novel approach by integrating Textual Network Analysis (TNA) with digital legitimacy theory, offering a fresh lens to examine the construction of policy legitimacy in digital environments (YouTube).

Methods: To address the first research question, TNA was conducted on comments on YouTube, capturing and analyzing public responses to KRIS policy-related news during both pre- and post-policy announcement periods. Data were collected using Communalityc and APIFY and analyzed using Gephi to visualize and generate word networks. To address the second research question, the authors quantified KRIS policy socialization videos and compared them with COVID-19 vaccination campaign videos, followed by a qualitative analysis.

Results: The authors discover that public discourse and sentiment remained consistently negative both pre- and post-announcement. However, the focus of the discussion shifted from complaints about service quality and contribution burdens to more direct concerns over increased contributions and reduced benefits. Regarding the second research question, the authors conclude that compared to the COVID-19 vaccination campaign, efforts to promote the benefits of the KRIS policy have been relatively limited, with minimal engagement from the four government institutions involved.

Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into public discourse and sentiment regarding the Standard Inpatient Class (KRIS) policy, which is scheduled to take effect on July 1, 2025. The findings suggest that the government should strengthen its public engagement by adopting a more intensive, structured, and coordinated communication strategy—similar to that employed during the COVID-19 vaccination campaign—to boost public acceptance and enhance policy legitimacy.