Journal of Public Health and Pharmacy

A Benchmark of Supply Management Models for Pharmaceutical Products from Pharmacies in Public and Private Hospital Structures

2025-07-03T10:01:59+07:00

Introduction: The objective of this work is to study a certain number of criteria to meet the expectations of healthcare services seeking to improve the availability of pharmaceutical products.

Methods: Regarding the data collection method, we conducted a survey. The latter was intended for healthcare services. The questionnaire was validated by a team of hospital pharmacists and managers.

To develop our questionnaire, we used the Sphinx tool, and for the quantitative data, we processed it on a computer using SPSS software.

Results: The internal pharmacy management models of the two hospitals represent several differences but also several similarities. Two major differences can be noted, the first one is the supply model that is based on annual markets for AMSS hospitals versus negotiated and just-in-time purchases for private hospitals. The second one is the hospital central pharmacy healthcare service procurement model.

Conclusion: Following the multiple changes currently affecting the health care sector, hospital structures must optimize their management to reduce expenses while guaranteeing the safety and quality of care administered to patients.

Readiness and Acceptance of Health Providers using Clinical Decision Support System at Probolinggo Primary Healthcare Centers

2025-07-02T16:53:24+07:00

Introduction: The government targets a significant reduction in antibiotic resistance by 2030 through wise antibiotic management, including implementing the Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) for Health Providers in Non-Pneumonia acute respiratory infections (ISPA) and Non-specific Diarrhea in Primary Healthcare Centre (Puskesmas). However, the readiness and acceptance of Health Providers to CDSS need to be evaluated. This study evaluates the readiness and acceptance of doctors, nurses, midwives, pharmacists, and pharmacists' assistants in Puskesmas using CDSS.

Methods: The method used was a cross-sectional quantitative survey with snowball sampling of 185 respondents at the Probolinggo Puskesmas in July-August 2024. The questionnaire was developed based on a combination of the Technology Readiness Index and the Technology Acceptance Model (TRAM), and the data was analyzed using SEM-PLS (Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares).

Result: This study revealed that optimism contributed positively to the perception of ease of use (PEOU) and perception of benefits (PU) of CDSS. Innovation also contributed positively to PEOU, but not significantly to PU. Optimism increases PEOU and PU, while innovation only increases PEOU. Although innovation is insignificant to PU, it has a more significant impact on PEOU than optimism.

Conclusion: These findings also show that PU affects the attitude of Health Providers to use CDSS (? = 0.286, p < 0.001) but does not directly affect behavioral intentions (? = 0.081, p = 0.250). PEOU significantly affected PU (? = 0.617, p < 0.001) and attitude (? = 0.661, p < 0.001). Attitudes towards CDSS greatly influenced the behavioral intentions of healthcare providers to use it (? = 0.851, p < 0.001), making it a strong predictor of CDSS adoption. The integration of TRI and TAM in predicting the readiness of Health Providers has proven helpful in understanding the factors of CDSS adoption in Puskesmas. These findings highlight the importance of training for health providers to improve CDSS readiness and acceptance. In addition, the results of this study can be the basis for policy development in implementing CDSS Primary Healthcare Centers to support a more rational use of antibiotics.

Breaking the Chains of ‘Pasung’: The Potential Roles of Primary Health Centres and Pharmacists in an Indonesian Setting

2025-07-03T10:04:10+07:00

Introduction: Healthcare for patients in pasung is often neglected. Limited data is available on the roles of Primary Health Centres (PHCs) as the main providers of primary care in Indonesia. This research aims to explore health services provided for patients in pasung at PHCs and to identify the roles of pharmacists.

Methods: This descriptive qualitative research used in-depth interviews with a range of stakeholders [i.e., patients in pasung (n=14) or the representative family caregivers (n=12), mental health nurses (n=5), pharmacists (n=5)] at 5 PHCs in Trenggalek, Indonesia from May to July 2023. Inductive thematic analysis was used to address the research questions. Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of Universitas Surabaya (number 130/KE/V/2023), and participants provided written informed consent.

Results: Patients in pasung have generally had adequate access to PHCs with no charge for their treatments. Health services provided for patients in pasung at PHCs were categorised into two main themes: outpatient services (i.e., medication supply, and home-care), and referral to inpatient services. Pharmacists’ roles have largely related to drug supply, while clinical pharmacy services have been very limited (e.g., providing drug information when patients obtained their medications at the pharmacy units).

Conclusion: In conclusion, findings in this study have provided a baseline for future development of mental healthcare for patients in pasung. Pharmacists have the potential to take up more clinical roles to ensure quality use of medicines among patients in pasung. Supporting policy and resources should be allocated for PHCs to expand pharmacist’s services.

Pharmacist Recommendations for Non-Infectious Diarrhea Self-Medication: A Study in Padang, Indonesia

2025-07-03T10:12:33+07:00

Introduction: Diarrhea is a condition where a person defecates with a soft or liquid stool consistency or even just water which can be accompanied by blood or foam with a frequency that is more frequent than usual in a day. Self-medication is an action taken by someone to treat themselves by recognizing the symptoms and illnesses felt, usually minor illnesses, then choosing drugs according to their wishes without going through a doctor's prescription.

Methods: A descriptive study with cross-sectional approach to determine the recommended choice of diarrhea drugs without symptoms of infection for self-medication from pharmacies in Padang City, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Data were collected through proportional random sampling using the Slovin formula. From a total of 247 pharmacies in Padang City, data was collected from 38 pharmacies that had been proportioned in 11 sub-districts in Padang City. Participants in this study were pharmacists on duty at the pharmacy. Data were collected through structured interviews recorded by pharmacists in pharmacies with a single question, what drug do you give for self-medication to adult patients with mild diarrhea without symptoms of infection.

Results: Drug recommendations from pharmacist in Padang City pharmacies are attapulgite, kaolin-pectin, activated carbon, loperamide, Oral Re-hydration Formula (ORS), zinc supplements, probiotics, and antacids. The drug recommendations given are in the form of single therapy and combination therapy. Assessment of recommendations that are said to be appropriate refers to the recommendations of Dipiro (2020), namely the provision of a single absorbent or absorbent plus ORS. The results of appropriate recommendations were obtained at 44.74% and those that were not appropriate were obtained at 55.26%. There is no statistically significant evidence to suggest a relationship between the education level of pharmacist and appropriate of the answer (p>0.05).

Conclusion: There are still many mistakes made by pharmacists in recommending diarrhea drugs without symptoms of infection for self-medication in pharmacies.

Analysis of Factors Affecting the Success of Sociocultural Education Approach in Preventing Tuberculosis in Tapanuli Selatan Regency

2025-07-03T10:11:31+07:00

Introduction: Tuberculosis is still becoming one of the deathliest infectious diseases in the entire world and has become the most urgent public health challenge globally. This study aims to analyze the factors affecting the success of the sociocultural education approach in preventing Tuberculosis in Tapanuli Selatan Regency.

Methods: Using a cross-sectional study approach, data were collected from the local community using purposive sampling. Data analysis was conducted to evaluate the influence of certain variables, including public education level, health service access, community participation in education programs, the use of social media in education campaigns, and health workers' support on the success of sociocultural education approach in preventing Tuberculosis through univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses.

Results: The findings showed that community education level (p=0.001), health service access (p=0.001), community participation in education programs (p=0.001), social media use in education campaigns (p=0.001), health workers support (p=0.001) had a significant effect on the success of the sociocultural education approach in preventing Tuberculosis. Meanwhile, the variable of social media use in educational campaigns significantly influences public awareness and participation in efforts to prevent Tuberculosis, with an Exp value (B)=15.581 and a p=0.001 < ?=0.05 value.

Conclusion: This research concludes that the tuberculosis prevention strategy in Tapanuli Selatan Regency needs to be supported with an integrated sociocultural education approach that accommodates the roles of social media, health service access, community participation, and health workers' support. This research suggests an increase in investment in health infrastructure, health workers' training, and a more intensive and guided education campaign to improve the community's awareness and participation in preventing Tuberculosis in the area.

Determinants of Patient Loyalty in Healthcare: The Multifaceted Influence of Demographics and Nurses' Caring Behavior

2025-07-03T10:13:11+07:00

Introduction: Patient loyalty is a crucial factor in providing quality healthcare services. One effective strategy to enhance healthcare service standards is improving the caring behavior of nurses. The success of nurses in delivering caring and empathetic care can significantly influence patient loyalty, making it an essential focus for healthcare providers.

Objective: This study aims to explore the factors influencing patient loyalty within a healthcare context.

Methods: A cross-sectional design was utilized in this study, involving 144 inpatients selected through purposive random sampling from private and government hospitals. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using chi-square and ANOVA tests.

Results: The analysis identified three factors significantly correlated with patient loyalty: Caring Behavior of Nurses: p < 0.0001, Education: p < 0.007, Marital Status: p < 0.001. The most influential factor was the caring behavior of nurses, with effect sizes indicating a strong relationship. In contrast, demographic factors such as age and gender did not show a significant correlation with patient loyalty.

Conclusion: The findings highlight that the most significant determinant of patient loyalty is the caring behavior of nurses, followed by education and marital status. To enhance patient loyalty and overall healthcare quality, it is crucial to strengthen nurse training programs that focus on empathy and caring behaviors. Additionally, implementing services tailored to patients’ demographic characteristics can further improve loyalty. These insights can guide policymakers and practitioners in developing targeted training and healthcare policies that prioritize compassionate care, ultimately benefiting patient satisfaction and retention.

Evaluation of the Utilization of the Hospital Management Information System (SIMRS) at Madani Regional General Hospital, Palu

2025-07-03T10:11:31+07:00

Introduction: The Hospital Management Information System (SIMRS) plays a crucial role in supporting optimal healthcare services in hospitals. SIMRS enables efficient and effective management of information, ranging from patient data to hospital administration. At Madani Regional General Hospital, Palu, the implementation of SIMRS has been carried out; however, operational challenges and user satisfaction issues still need to be evaluated. This study aims to evaluate the utilization of SIMRS at Madani Regional General Hospital, Palu, in 2024, and to analysed the impact of system usage, user satisfaction, information quality, and service quality on the net benefits of SIMRS.

Methods: This study uses a quantitative method with a cross-sectional study approach and logistic regression analysis. The population of this study includes all employees at Madani Regional General Hospital, Palu. The sample consists of 172 respondents, determined using the Slovin formula

Results: The study shows that system usage (p = 0.007), user satisfaction (p = 0.003), information quality (p = 0.002), and service quality (p = 0.006) are associated with the utilization of SIMRS at Madani Regional General Hospital, Palu. Based on Binary Logistic analysis, the variable with the strongest influence is System Usage (Sig = 0.006)

Conclusion: This study concludes that the use of SIMRS at Madani Regional General Hospital, Palu, provides significant benefits in terms of hospital service efficiency and effectiveness. System usage is the most dominant factor influencing the utilization of HMIS, followed by user satisfaction, information quality, and service quality. It is recommended to continuously improve the quality of system usage by providing ongoing training for hospital staff.

A Collaborative Framework to Enhance Clinical Trial Participation and Health Equity in Sulawesi Island, Indonesia

2025-07-03T10:12:33+07:00

Introduction: In this study, we aimed to develop and evaluate a collaborative framework for integrating clinical trials into primary health care within the context of addressing health disparities in Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. With notable regional disparities in health service utilization and participation in clinical trials reported in the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Survey, our objective was to bridge gaps in clinical trial access and improve health outcomes in underserved areas.

Methods: This quasi-experimental post-test control group study involved the implementation of a collaborative framework conducted across primary health care settings in Sulawesi over a six-month period. A total of 200 participants were enrolled, and data were collected through electronic health records (EHRs), surveys, and interviews. Ethical approval was obtained from the relevant ethics committee, and participants provided written informed consent.

Results: The primary outcome of the study was a significant increase in clinical trial participation, with rates rising from 25% to 60% in the intervention group, compared to 20% to 30% in the control group. Additionally, health outcomes improved, including reductions in average blood pressure (140/90 mmHg to 130/85 mmHg) and blood glucose levels (160 mg/dL to 140 mg/dL). Statistical analyses revealed a p-value of <0.05 for these changes. Key factors contributing to these results included training on digital health technologies and integration of trial data into EHRs.

Conclusion: In conclusion, our study contributes to the understanding of health equity by demonstrating the effectiveness of a localized collaborative framework in improving clinical trial participation and health outcomes. This research provides insights into the importance of tailored interventions, digital health infrastructure, and training programs in addressing disparities in underserved regions. Future studies should address the scalability and long-term impact of this framework, ultimately advancing health equity in Indonesia.

Enhancing Hospital Service Quality Through Strategic and Operational Excellence Focused on Patient Satisfaction: The Case of Indonesia

2025-07-02T16:46:41+07:00

Introduction: Hospitals, functioning both as public service institutions and business entities, must prioritize patient satisfaction to ensure the sustainability of their services. This study explores the relationships among operational strategy, operational competence, quality culture, and service quality, as well as their combined impact on patient satisfaction in Indonesian hospitals.

Methods: This study employed a quantitative approach using a survey method. Data were collected from 300 respondents, comprising medical and non-medical staff, across four hospitals in Jambi Province. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was utilized for data analysis, enabling an in-depth examination of both direct and indirect relationships among the variables.

Results: The findings revealed that operational strategy and operational competence significantly influenced quality culture and service quality. Additionally, quality culture and service quality collectively impacted patient satisfaction, highlighting the critical roles of these factors in enhancing hospital performance. Notably, service quality had the strongest direct effect on patient satisfaction, while quality culture contributed to sustaining these improvements over time.

Conclusions: These findings underscore the essential role of strategic alignment and operational excellence in achieving higher levels of patient satisfaction. The study provides valuable insights for hospital management and policymakers in developing countries, advocating for the integration of strategic planning and competency development to enhance healthcare delivery systems and improve patient outcomes.

Antiseptic and Disinfectant Utilization Patterns at Tlemcen University Hospital Center: A Five-Year Epidemiological Study

2025-07-03T10:13:11+07:00

Introduction: Disinfectants and antiseptics are integral components of hospital infection control policies; however, their overuse can lead to microbial resistance, a growing concern in healthcare settings. This study aims to analyze the consumption patterns of antiseptics and disinfectants across various departments of Tlemcen University Hospital Center (CHU), providing insights into their usage over a five-year period and helping inform strategies for more responsible use.

Methods: Data on the consumption of Povidone iodine (PVI) and various disinfectants across 20 departments over a five-year period (2015–2019) were obtained from the pharmacy and relevant CHU departments. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25. Chi-square tests were employed to compare categorical data, and ANOVA was used to assess trends in consumption over time.

Results: The results revealed a decline in PVI consumption to 13.5% in 2019, while disinfectant use increased by 29.1%, possibly due to a reduction in surgical procedures and an increase in medical admissions. Notably, consumption patterns varied across departments, with surgical services showing higher disinfectant use compared to medical services.

Conclusion: Given the extensive use of antiseptics and disinfectants, we recommend implementing strategies to reduce their overuse, such as periodic audits of antimicrobial consumption and educational programs for healthcare professionals to mitigate the risk of microbial resistance.

Antioxidant Effects of Temulawak and Black Cumin Honey in Stunted Children: A Study in Cirebon

2025-07-03T10:12:33+07:00

Introduction: The imbalance between the production of free radicals and the antioxidant defense system in the body will cause the body to experience oxidative stress. This can be caused by chronic malnutrition. In children, this condition causes growth and development failure called stunting. Honey, temulawak and black cumin are herbs with high antioxidant content, formulated in one preparation to test its effectiveness. The purpose of the study was to determine specific descriptions experienced by stunted children and to test the antioxidant effectiveness of preparation temulawak-black cumin honey.

Methods: The research method used was quasi-experimental, pre-post design, the research time starts from January-May 2023. The population of Stunting children in the Tegalwangi locus area, Cirebon Regency, the selected samples or subjects are children aged 24-60 months who meet the inclusion criteria. The subjects were divided into 2 groups, namely the treatment group that received the test preparation for 4 months and the control group without the provision of the test preparation. Blood sampling was carried out simultaneously or simultaneously at the village hall with the help of trained analysts. The antioxidant parameters superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and free radical parameters Nitric oxide and malondialdehyde. The data obtained will be analysed using an independent t-test.

Results: The results of the study on 50 stunted children showed low levels of Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase, Glutathione peroxidase, and free radical parameters Nitric oxide and Malondialdehyde were obtained high. This means that stunted children experience oxidative stress. There was significant antioxidant effectiveness with increased levels of SOD and Catalase in the treatment group (P<0.05), a decrease in NO and MDA in the treatment group (P<0.05) compared to the control group.

Conclusion: Temulawak-black cumin honey preparation has activity to reduce oxidative stress in stunted children in Cirebon.

Factors Related to Health Resilience in Students Affected by Disaster at Campus Graha Ananda Palu

2025-07-03T10:12:33+07:00

Introduction: Palu City, located in Central Sulawesi Province, is one of the most vulnerable areas disaster, intervention countermeasures disaster that has been This focus on intervention recovery source power and development infrastructure. while on intervention poor mental health get attention. Follow stages disaster in Palu City, when these are the people affected disaster in Palu City now currently in phase recovery going to resilience, namely restore normal condition and strengthen Power stand public to disaster. Research This aiming for inspect relationship preparedness, mental health and behavior health post disaster to resilience health of affected students disaster at the Institute Health Technology and Business Graha Ananda, Palu City, to be able to strengthen resilience health and able adapt to threat, danger, serious disturbance from disaster.

Methods: Study This conducted at the Institute Technology and Health Business Ananda Building, Palu City, with use design observational cross sectional. Sample study This that is students of the Institute of Health Technology and Business Graha Ananda Palu City which was affected disaster as many as 55 people. Data is collected use questionnaire that has been validity and reliability tests were conducted along with with sheet observation. Data analysis was carried out with univariate and bivariate with using fisher exact test and likelihood as an alternative to the chi-square test.

Results: Research results show that behavior health post disaster influential significant to resilience health, things This indicated p- value of 0.004, which means the better behavior health individual after disaster, increasingly big his contribution to ability for recover and survive (resilience health). Preparedness post disasters also have significant relationship with resilience health, with p value of 0.026, this show that individual or a more society Ready face situation post-disaster tend own resilience better health good. On the other hand, post-traumatic mental health disaster No own significant relationship with resilience health, because p -value of 0.112, which means that the condition post mental health disaster in context This No in a way direct influence level resilience health.

Conclusion: Individual with level preparedness and implementing behavior good health after experience disaster tend show resilience better health Good However No existence significant relationship between post mental health disaster with resilience health indicates that resilience health Possible influenced by other factors such as support social from family, friends, and community can become factor important in resilience, individuals who feel supported in a way emotional or own access to network strong social tend more easy recover from trauma or stress caused by disaster.

Determinants of Contact Dermatitis Among Fishermen: A Study on Barrang Lompo Island, Indonesia

2025-07-02T16:46:41+07:00

Introduction: Contact dermatitis is a common health issue among fishermen caused by exposure to harsh working environments, including seawater, chemicals, and suboptimal use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Factors such as personal hygiene, history of skin diseases, and access to clean water can influence the incidence of contact dermatitis. The novelty of this study is combining environmental sanitation and occupational health factors of fishermen that influence contact dermatitis, which have previously been studied only partially. The results of this study also found that the PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) variable acts as a moderating factor influencing contact dermatitis. This study aims to investigate the causal relationships between personal hygiene, history of skin diseases, PPE use, and access to clean water with the incidence of contact dermatitis among fishermen on Barrang Lompo Island.

Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analysed the relationships between personal hygiene, skin disease history, PPE use, and access to clean water. SEM effectively evaluates interactions among latent variables, offering a robust approach to occupational health issues and providing insights into how individual and environmental factors influence dermatitis prevalence. Data were collected through structured interviews and validated questionnaires.

Results: The analysis showed that personal hygiene and history of skin diseases had significant relationships with the incidence of dermatitis (p < 0.05). However, PPE use and access to clean water did not show a significant direct effect.

Conclusion: Improving personal hygiene practices and targeted interventions for individuals with a history of skin diseases are essential for reducing contact dermatitis among fishermen. Education on proper hygiene techniques and optimizing PPE use are recommended for maximum protection.

Psychological Well-Being Mediates Cyberbullying Victimization and Risky Health Behavior: Public Health Implications for Universities

2025-07-03T10:12:33+07:00

Introduction: Cyberbullying has become a burden in the current digital world and has an impact on health status, including physical and mental health. People try to mitigate these mental health issues through various coping strategies, including engaging in risky health behavior. Such risky health behaviors may have implications for future health status. Thus, this study aims to examine the prevalence of cyberbullying victimization and elucidate the consequences of cyberbullying victimization on psychological well-being and risky health behavior.

Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed in this study, with 700 undergraduate students as research participants. The students were randomly selected using proportional stratified and random sampling in a selected university in Samarinda, Indonesia, between January and March 2024. Participants were first-year, second-year, third-year, and fourth-year students. Self-administered data collection using a standard questionnaire for each variable. This study used the Structural Equation Model to analysed the associations between variables.

Results: Cyberbullying victimization affects psychological well-being, which, in turn, influences risky health behaviors. While no direct link was found between cyberbullying and risky health behaviors, psychological well-being fully mediates this relationship. This suggests that the negative impact of cyberbullying on health behaviors occurs through its detrimental effects on psychological well-being, leading to risky health behaviors as coping strategies.

Conclusion: The study reveals significant links between cyberbullying victimization, coping capacity, psychological well-being, and risky health behavior. These findings highlight the importance of effective coping strategies. Future research should focus on enhancing problem-focused coping techniques, which could serve as positive strategies to reduce the negative impact of cyberbullying on psychological health and risky health behaviors.

Atomic Habits Parenting Validating a Behavioral Framework for Stunting Prevention

2025-07-03T10:02:41+07:00

Introduction: Atomic Habits Parenting focuses on small, consistent actions by caregivers to detect and prevent stunting in children. A valid and reliable instrument is essential for early detection and effective prevention. This study aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Atomic Habits Parenting instrument and its association with stunting prevention in children under five. This method differs from others as the consistent daily practice of small habits leads to a 37-fold improvement over one year.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jeneponto, Barru, and Sinjai Districts of South Sulawesi, Indonesia, involving 900 children aged 0-59 months. Data were collected from February to August 2024. Validity and reliability were assessed using Cronbach's alpha, sensitivity, and specificity with ROC analysis, and the association with stunting was measured using the Chi-Square test.

Results: The instrument demonstrated high reliability with Cronbach's alpha values above 0.8 for all parenting practices. ROC analysis showed excellent sensitivity (75.6%) and specificity (82.3%) at a threshold score of 313.5. A significant association was found between Atomic Habits Parenting and stunting prevention (p<0.001).

Conclusion: The Atomic Habits Parenting instrument is valid and reliable, with strong sensitivity and specificity. It is significantly associated with the prevention of stunting in children under five, making it a valuable tool for public health programs. Adapting this approach globally in high-stunting regions (>20%) could support a sustainable stunting reduction roadmap.

Karamunting Fruit Gel as a Natural Dental Plaque Disclosing Solution

2025-07-03T10:00:59+07:00

Introduction: Dental and oral health issues remain a global challenge, with rising dental caries cases, particularly in regions like Sub-Saharan Africa and Indonesia, where 57.6% of the population is affected. Among Indonesian children aged 3-9, caries and toothache are prevalent, highlighting the need for early plaque detection and targeted interventions. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of disclosing solution gel formulated from Karamunting fruit (Melastoma malabathricum L.) as a dental plaque identifier in children attending the Special Education School under the Surabaya Foundation for Children with Disabilities.

Methods: This study utilized a quasi-experimental design using a post-test with a control group framework. A total of 24 respondents were selected through random sampling and divided into four

groups. The first three groups were given Karamunting fruit gel at concentrations of 7.5%, 10%, and 12.5% respectively, while the fourth group received a chemically-based disclosing solution as the control. This design allowed for a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the natural and chemical formulations in detecting dental plaque.

Results: The result of the analysis, conducted by using Kruskal-Wallis revealed a p-value of 0.004 (<0.05) indicating a statistically significant effectiveness among Karamunting gel concentrations of 7.5%, 10%, and 12.5% when compared to chemically-based disclosing solution. These findings demonstrate that Karamunting gel is effective in identifying dental plaque, with its efficacy varying significantly according to the concentration used.

Conclusion: The disclosing solution gel derived from Karamunting fruit (Melastoma malabathricum L.) showed a potential as an effective alternative for dental plaque notification.

Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Tuberculosis Clusters in a Region of Topographic Diversity: A Case Study from West Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

2025-07-02T16:53:24+07:00

Introduction: Several studies on tuberculosis (TB) using spatial and time clustering analyses have been conducted in Indonesia, however none have specifically focused on regions characterized by diverse topography. This study aimed to identify geospatial clusters of TB cases in West Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, an area known for its topographic variability.

Methods: An ecological study design was employed. TB case data, including bacteriologically confirmed and clinically diagnosed cases, were obtained from the Tuberculosis Information System (Sistem Informasi Tuberkulosis, SITB) of the West Sulawesi Provincial Health Office, covering the period from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2023. Spatial visualization was performed using QGIS version 3.40.0. Cluster detection and spatial pattern analysis were conducted using SaTScan version 10.2.5.

Results: TB cases in West Sulawesi formed clusters. A total of 17 clusters were identified—4 primary (most likely) clusters and 13 secondary clusters. In 2020, the primary cluster was located in Bambang Village, Bambang Subdistrict. In 2021, the primary cluster was in Lambanan Village, Mamasa Subdistrict. In 2022, the primary cluster was in Ulumambi Barat Village, Bambang Subdistrict, and in 2023, the primary cluster was again in Lambanan Village, Mamasa Subdistrict.

Conclusion: This study found that the most likely TB clusters from 2020 to 2023 were consistently located in the eastern part of West Sulawesi Province, specifically in Mamasa Regency, an area characterized by mountainous terrain. This suggests that various environmental, social, and economic factors unique to mountain communities may influence TB transmission dynamics. The findings highlight the need for geographically tailored intervention strategies, including mobile TB services, community-based education, enhanced surveillance systems, the establishment of local TB support networks, and improved healthcare infrastructure adapted to mountainous areas. Future research should consider integrating genotypic, molecular, and geospatial approaches to advance global TB control efforts.

Empowering Adolescent Girls Through Social Organisation-Based Mentoring to Prevent Malnutrition

2025-07-03T10:11:31+07:00

Introduction: Adolescent girls are prone to nutrition-related problems, ranging from anaemia, SEZ, undernutrition and overnutrition. Currently, more interventions are conducted on school-aged adolescents, while adolescents who are no longer in school have not been addressed. Implementation of interventions in the community, such as youth organisations and religious organisations, not only in schools. This can increase accessibility and participation among adolescents who are not in formal education young women-based social organisations can be involved in interventions to prevent adolescent malnutrition through a mentoring model. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of organisation-based mentoring on improving knowledge, this study aims to analyse the differences in knowledge, practice of malnutrition prevention in the form of measurement of calorie adequacy and iron intake.

Methods: This research design is a quasi-experimental pre and post-test with a control group. This study was conducted on 189 adolescent girls, which were divided into an intervention group of 98 people and a control group of 91 people. Respondents were taken by purposive sampling based on inclusion criteria. The study was conducted for 10 weeks. Data were obtained by structured interviews. Data were analysed using paired t test and wilcoxon, while between group analysis with manwithney.

Results: The results showed that there was a difference between knowledge, behaviour before and after the intervention between the treatment group and the control group with p < 0.05. There was a significant increase in knowledge, attitude and behaviour in the intervention and control groups.

Conclusion: Community organisation-based mentoring has been shown to be effective in improving adolescent health. It is necessary to strengthen regulations in regulating the role of community organisations, especially adolescents, through structured assistance and education for vulnerable groups including adolescents. The results of the study can be duplicated to be implemented in other organisations that focus on adolescents.

Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) Prenatal Mercury Exposure of Whitening Cosmetic and Infant Neurodevelopmental Risk

2025-07-03T10:11:31+07:00

ntroduction: Mercury compounds are divided into elemental mercury, inorganic mercury, and organic mercury. Exposure to mercury through both direct and indirect pathways can have serious impacts on environmental and health issues, especially sensitive populations such as pregnant women, infants, and children. According to the Global Nielsen institution, 45% of women in Indonesia use whitening cosmetics. It should be noted that the content of whitening cosmetics contains mercury and its derivatives. Pregnant women are exposed to mercury through the use of cosmetics and the consumption of seafood. The impact caused if accumulated in the placenta will cause neonatal neurodevelopmental risk. This study aimed to analysed the quantitative risk assessment of prenatal mercury exposure and neurodevelopmental risk.

Methods: The study design is an observational analytic with a cross-sectional study. Statistical analysis of Hg concentration in scalp hair samples was performed using SPSS software. The correlation between Hg concentration in scalp hair and skin whitening cosmetics was determined by chi-square correlation analysis, with p < 0.05 considered significant. The quantitative risk assessment (QRA) method analyses hazard identification, assessment exposure, hazard characterization, and risk characterization. The sample used was 20 pregnant women and 20 babies. The mercury concentration in the scalp hair of pregnant women and their babies will be examined in the BBLK Laboratory.

Results: The results of this study indicate that hazard identifications were mercury concentrations in the scalp hair of pregnant women is average of 7.04 (range 0.18-41.70 ppm, the mercury concentration in scalp hair is average of 0.71 (range 0.24-1.68), mercury whitening cosmetic is average 17.34 (range 3.5-86.0 ppm). Hazard characteristics are divided according to HBM 3 categories: normal at 60%, alert at 15%, and high at 25% for mercury concentration in pregnant women. In comparison, the baby concentration is divided into two categories: normal 70% and alert 30%. Risk characteristics found that around nine people, or 45% of babies, experienced the risk of neurodevelopmental symptoms, and mothers exposed to mercury had an impact on their babies.

Conclusion: This study highlights the occurrence of Hg in skin-whitening cosmetics and the accumulation of Hg in the human body through their application. There is a correlation between mercury in pregnant women's scalp hair and the mercury concentration in their babies. Babies exposed to mercury with alert concentration levels have a neurodevelopmental risk. Therefore, it is better not to use whitening cosmetics during prenatal periods because mercury exposure can affect the baby.

Stunting Countermeasures Model (A Case Study of a Specific Nutrition Intervention Program)

2025-07-03T10:03:31+07:00

Introduction: The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia (24.4%). The data from Southeast Sulawesi Province (2021), showed that the prevalence of stunting included 35.2% in Buton Regency, 30.9% in South Buton, 22.8% in Central Buton, 21,3% Bombana, 20% North Buton, 19,8% East Kolaka, 19.5% Konawe South, 19.3% in Konawe, 17.3% in Muna Regency, 16.4% North Konawe, 14.9% Wakatobi, 13.7% in West Muna, 12.2% Kolaka, 11.1% in Bau-Bau City, 9% in Konawe Island, 9% in North Kolaka, and 5.6% in Kendari City. Kolaka Regency in 2022 showed that the number of stunting toddlers was 620, consisting of 481 toddlers in the short category and 139 toddlers in the very short category. In this study, we aim to see a reduction in the incidence of stunting through specific nutritional interventions.

Methods: This research used quantitative methods with a cross-sectional design. The sample in this research was 244 respondents, using a purposive sampling technique.

Results: There is a relationship between: socio-economic and the incidence of stunting (X2count = 41.164 > X2Table = 3.841); Exclusive Breastfeeding and the incidence of Stunting (X2count= 18.511 > X2Table = 3.841); breast milk complementary food and the incidence of Stunting (X2count= 5.678 > X2Table= 3.841); immunization and the incidence of Stunting (X2count value = 69.750 > X2Table value = 3.841); the vitamin A capsules and the incidence of Stunting (X2count= 8.001 > X2Table= 3.841); protein intake and the incidence of Stunting (X2count= 3.927 > X2Table= 3.841); energy adequacy figures and Stunting criteria (X2count= 11.759 > X2Table= 3.841); The stunting control model through a combined scenario experienced a decline rate with an optimistic strategy of 1.82%.

Conclusion: In conclusion, there was a significant relationship between household socio-economic factors, exclusive breastfeeding, complementary breastfeeding, immunization, vitamin A capsules, protein intake, and energy intake and the incidence of stunting.

Survival Analysis and Factors Associated with Pulmonary Tuberculosis

2025-07-03T10:11:31+07:00

Introduction: Analysed the survival rates of patients and factors associated with pulmonary tuberculosis at the Limboto Public Health Center, with particular attention to the role of hypertension as a predictor of treatment failure and its potential integration into TB treatment guidelines.

Methods: The study represents retrospective cohort research conducted by collecting medical records of individual pulmonary tuberculosis patients at the Limboto Public Health Center. The research sample comprised 144 patients and was analysed using survival analysis methods, including the Kaplan-Meier and Cox Regression models.

Result: Among a cohort of 144 pulmonary tuberculosis cases, 21 individuals (14.6%) encountered treatment failure, resulting in three fatalities. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis unveiled marked disparities in the survival probabilities of pulmonary tuberculosis patients contingent on their hypertension status (p=0.000). In the Cox Regression analysis, the hazard ratio associated with hypertension in the context of treatment failure in pulmonary tuberculosis patients was determined to be HR= 10.216. These findings suggest the necessity of incorporating hypertension screening and management into existing TB care protocols.

Conclusion: Evidence-based interventions should be implemented, particularly among patients with concomitant hypertension. Strengthening the integration of hypertension management into TB treatment guidelines may improve patient outcomes and reduce treatment failures.