Journal of Public Health and Pharmacy

The Impact of Stress Management Training on Reducing Stress Levels in Adolescents at the Mamuju Detention Center

2025-10-02T12:25:29+07:00

Introduction: Teenagers in detention centres often experience high levels of stress due to loss of freedom, an uncertain future, and social stigma. This study aims to determine the effect of stress management training on the stress level of adolescent inmates in detention centres.

Methods: Quasi-experimental research with pre-post test with control group design. The study sample was 72, divided into intervention and control groups of 36. Purposive sampling technique. Stress management training was conducted in 8 sessions. Instrument used: Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 42. Data analysis with paired t-test and independent t-test.

Results: The average age of respondents in the control group was 20.42 years, and the intervention group was 19.94 years. All respondents were male. The last education of the majority of respondents was high school; the control group was 55.6%, while the intervention was 69.4%. Most jobs before entering the prison were self-employed; the control group was 47.2%, while the intervention was 55.6%. Most cases were narcotics; the control group was 44.4%, while the intervention was 41.7%. The average length of stay in the detention centre in the control group was 2.69 months, while the intervention group was 2.61 months. There was a significant difference in reduced stress levels between the intervention and control groups (p = 0.002; d = 0,75).

Conclusion: Stress management training lowers stress levels in adolescents in Rutan. These findings open up an excellent opportunity to develop more holistic rehabilitation programs that focus on the recovery and self-development of juvenile inmates. To maximize the positive impact of the study's findings, the researchers recommend that correctional institutions integrate stress management training programs into existing rehabilitation programs.

The Correlation Between Vaginal Hygiene Practices and the Prevalence of Fluor Albus Among Pregnant Women at Tamangapa Health Center

2025-10-02T12:25:31+07:00

Introduction: Flour albus, or vaginal discharge, affects reproductive health globally, including in Indonesia. It may be physiological or pathological, indicating an infection or another health issue. Pregnancy hormones increase the risk of flour albus; therefore, vaginal hygiene is crucial. However, many pregnant women lack information on hygiene, increasing their risk of pathological disorders. This study investigates the association between vaginal hygiene and flour albus in pregnant women undergoing ANC at Tamangapa Health Centre, a topic that has been rarely studied.

Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design using a quantitative approach. A total of 52 pregnant women in their second and third trimesters were recruited through incidental sampling during ANC visits. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained prior to data collection. Data were gathered through questionnaires and vaginal discharge examinations. Analyses included univariate, bivariate, and multivariate methods, with the Mann-Whitney Test used for statistical significance.

Results: The findings revealed that 37 respondents experienced physiological fluor albus despite adhering to appropriate vaginal hygiene practices. Statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between vaginal hygiene and the type of fluor albus, with a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.005).

Conclusion: The study stresses the need for vaginal hygiene in pregnant women to prevent pathological leukorrhea. Vaginal care education reduces complaints and improves reproductive health. This research has major implications for public health policy, particularly in prenatal care, to raise awareness and improve hygiene. It can also help build community-based preventive programs and integrate vaginal hygiene education into antenatal care to lower reproductive health risks.

Factors influencing Electronic Cigarette use among Young Adults in Sarawak, Malaysia: A Hierarchical analysis

2025-10-02T12:25:14+07:00

Introduction: The rapid global rise in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has led to increasing research interest, yet factors influencing its adoption remain underexplored in Malaysia. This study investigates sociodemographic and psychosocial determinants of e-cigarette use in the Samarahan and Kuching divisions of Sarawak, Malaysia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among smokers aged 18 and above. A total of 474 participants were recruited using cluster sampling. Data collection was performed through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Hierarchical multinomial logistic regression was applied to identify key predictors of e-cigarette use.

Results: Among participants, 27.8% were e-smokers, 25.8% were switchers, and 46.4% were dual smokers. The analysis revealed that females were more likely to be e-smokers (AOR = 5.889, p < .001) and switchers (AOR = 2.647, p = .021) than males. Additionally, degree holders were more likely to be e-smokers than dual smokers (AOR = 4.106, p = .025). Psychosocial factors, such as subjective norms (AOR = 1.435, p = .023) and perceived usefulness (AOR = 1.616, p = .016), were significant predictors of e-cigarette use.

Conclusion: Sociodemographic and psychosocial factors, such as gender and education, influence e-cigarette use in Sarawak. These findings provide valuable insights for designing targeted public health strategies to regulate e-cigarette use and support smoking cessation efforts in Malaysia.

Plant-Based Bioinsecticide for Controlling Houseflies (Musca domestica): Efficacy of Leaf Extracts

2025-10-02T12:25:34+07:00

Introduction: One of the vectors of disease spread is flies. House flies (Musca domestica) are often found alive in almost all types of environments. Several previous studies have shown that pandanus leaves (Pandanus amaryllifolius), basil leaves (Ocimum sanctum), and bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum) contain active compounds that are toxic to insects, but no one has compared the effectiveness of the four types of plants. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of administering extracts from various plant leaves as a bioinsecticide for houseflies (Musca domestica).

Methods: This type of research is experimental using a completely randomized design with 6 treatments. The treatment consisted of administering Pandan Leaf extract (Pandanus amaryllifolius), Basil Leaf extract (Ocimum sanctum) and Laurel Leaf extract (Syzygium polyanthum) each with a concentration of 5 ml, 10 ml and 15 ml and using a control for comparison. Observations were carried out for 24 hours observing the number of dead flies.

Results: The results of this study indicate that pandan leaf extract (Pandanus amaryllifolius), basil leaf extract (Ocimum sanctum), and bay leaf extract (Syzygium polyanthum) are effective in killing houseflies (Musca domestica). The most effective concentration being 15 ml.

Research Implications: This research demonstrates that the use of natural bioinsecticides from plant extracts can control the population of house flies (Musca domestica) so that the risk of disease transmission in the community can be significantly minimized

Conclusion: Pandan leaf extract (Pandanus amaryllifolius), basil leaf extract (Ocimum sanctum) and bay leaf extract (Syzygium polyanthum) can be used as natural alternative ingredients to exterminate houseflies (Musca domestica)

Limitations of the research: This research did not control environmental conditions such as sunlight, temperature, and humidity. Other than that, neither the effects on fly resistance nor the effects on non-target organisms have been studied.

Recommendations for Future Research: It is hoped that future research can examine the effects of fly resistance and killing on non-target organisms and control environmental conditions.

Competence, Rewards, and Geographic Proximity in Nutrition Practitioner Performance

2025-10-02T12:25:11+07:00

Introduction: Based on data from the Indonesian Health Survey, the stunting rate in South Kalimantan Province in 2023 reached 24.7%. The target for reducing the national stunting rate in 2024 is 14%. Nutrition practitioner play a diverse and crucial role in handling stunting, from assessment and education to policy intervention and advocacy. This study aims to determine the effect of competence, appreciation and geographical proximity on the performance of nutrition practitioner with management span as a moderating variable in preventing stunting cases.

Methods: This type of research is observational analytic with a cross-sectional design. The location of this research is at the Health Center in the working area of the South Kalimantan Provincial Health Office and the duration of the research is 2 months. The sample of this research is 280 respondents who were taken using the cluster sampling technique. The data collection method uses a questionnaire. Ethical approval was obtained from the Health Research Ethics Commission of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Lambung Mangkurat University with number No.067/KEPK-FKIK ULM/EC/V/2024 and participants signed the Informed Consent.

Results: The findings show that geographical proximity (t = 0.658, p = 0.510) has no significant effect on TPG performance, indicating that the distance between program targets and TPG members does not influence outcomes. In contrast, competence (t = 5.404, p = 0.000), rewards (t = 3.766, p = 0.000), and management range (t = 2.577, p = 0.010) have a significant positive impact on performance, where higher competence and more frequent rewards lead to improved results. The results further demonstrate that management range strengthens the effect of both rewards (t = 3.872, p = 0.000) and competence (t = 3.549, p = 0.000) on performance, indicating that effective coordination enhances their impact. However, the interaction between management range and geographical proximity (t = 0.742, p = 0.458) is not significant, suggesting that distance does not moderate the influence of management range on performance.

Conclusion: Competence and reward is the factor influencing performance, while geographical proximity do not show significant influence. Competence, rewards, geographical proximity, and management span simultaneously influence performance with a contribution of 71% (R² = 0.710). This finding suggests the need for organizations to focus on improving TPG competencies through continuous training, skill development, and knowledge enhancement. In addition, it is important to explore other factors outside the research model that may have a significant impact on performance, including intrinsic motivation and better work system support.

Cost Analysis of Caesarean Deliveries under INA-CBG’s Tariff System in Jogja Hospital, Indonesia

2025-10-02T12:25:39+07:00

Introduction: This study aimed to determine differences in the average real cost of caesarean section with INA-CBG’s. This study is the first to use the latest INA-CBG's in 2023, so it can provide an overview of the implementation of INA-CBG's in 2023. The finding has the potential to provide recommendations for improving reimbursement policies and can guide the development of more effective financing models for hospitals and patients, particularly regarding caesarean section costs. In light of the growing global demand for cost efficiency in healthcare, this study provides valuable insights into optimizing financing structures and resource allocation.

Methods: The study uses a quantitative research approach with retrospective data from sectio caesarea patient medical records in Jogja Hospital during January-September 2023. A total of 30 patients were enrolled, and data were collected through total sampling. Ethical approval was obtained from the hospital director with number 56/KEPK/RSUD/IX/2023

Results: The study's primary outcome was that the average real cost of the Caesarea section is higher than the INA-CBG's 2023. Furthermore, it was found that there was a significant difference between the average real cost of sectio caesarea and INA-CBG's in class 1 INA-CBG's code O-6-10-I (sig.0.001), class 3 INA-CBG's code O-6-10-I (Sig.0.000) and class 3 INA-CBG's code O-6-10-II (Sig.0.028). There are results of insignificant differences in class 1 INA-CBG's code O-6-10-II (Sig.0.180), class 2 INA-CBG's code O-6-10-I (Sig.0.089), class 2 INA-CBG's code O-6-10-II (Sig.0.180).

Conclusion: This study shows that there is a significant difference between the real cost and the INA-CBG's on the payment of patient claims for inpatient services at Jogja Hospital. Our study contributes to understanding healthcare reimbursement issues by the difference between the average cost of sectio caesarea and INA-CBG's. Future research should address the evaluation of the factors that can cause the difference between the cost of sectio caesarea and INA-CBG's 2023, which will ultimately advance knowledge in the field of international health.

Factors Influencing the Utilization of the Mobile JKN Health Application in Indonesia

2025-10-02T12:25:26+07:00

Introduction: The Indonesian Health Social Security Administering Agency (BPJS) has developed an information technology-based service, Mobile JKN, which can be accessed via smartphone. This application can make obtaining program services easier for National Health Insurance participants. However, utilization of the Mobile JKN application is still lacking; only 6.8% of National Health Insurance Participants in Ternate City use this application. This research aims to determine the factors related to using the Mobile JKN application at BPJS Health in Ternate City.

Methods: This type of research is quantitative, using an analytical survey method and a cross-sectional study. A sample of 265 was obtained by chance through direct interviews and online questionnaires on Google Forms. Univariate data analysis with frequency distribution and bivariate analysis using Fisher's exact test.

Results: The research found a relationship between system quality (p=0.001), information quality (p=0.000), service quality (p=0.000), user satisfaction (p=0.000), and net benefits (p=0.000) with the use of the Mobile JKN application. These findings highlight the critical role of technical and user experience factors in driving app adoption.

Conclusion: All research variables were related to using the Mobile JKN application. The information system for the Mobile JKN application must be developed to be more easily accessible to all groups of society. To improve utilization, efforts should focus on enhancing accessibility, user-friendliness, and digital literacy, especially for underserved populations. Strengthening infrastructure and nationwide awareness campaigns can further drive adoption. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and serve as a model for similar digital health initiatives globally.

Occupational Risk of Knee Osteoarthritis Among Pedicab Operators: A Cross-Sectional Study in Indonesia

2025-10-02T12:25:15+07:00

Introduction: Osteoarthritis is a joint disease with multifactorial causes, particularly among pedicab operators. Movements such as pushing, pedaling, and lifting often cause damage to cartilage, ligaments, and synovial tissues. This study evaluates the risk of knee OA (Osteoarthritis) from the perspective of pedicab operators, a profession whose health is often neglected, by assessing work duration, length of work, footwear usage, and work posture.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 50 pedicab operators based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The demographic questionnaire used to assess work duration, length of work, footwear usage, and type of road. The posture was evaluated using the REBA Worksheet by measuring the angles of the neck, legs, body, wrists, upper arms, and lower arms. The risk of developing knee osteoarthritis was assessed using KOOS questionnaire. The data obtained was analyzed using SPSS version 26 and Graphpad.

Results: 48.3% are aged 45–50 years, with 69% having a work posture with a moderate risk level. 51.7% of pedicab operators were at risk for Knee OA. Data analysis found that there was a relationship between work posture (p = 0.01) and length of work (0.000) with the risk of OA, and there is a significant difference between OA scores for those wearing sandals compared to shoes.

Conclusion: The pedicab drivres have a risk of developing knee osteoarthritis through their length of work, footwear and work posture. This study stands out due to its biomechanical assessment, providing a detailed analysis of the factors contributing to the risk. The practical implications of this research underscore the importance of incorporating these findings into occupational health policies to enhance the well-being of pedicab operators and mitigate the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Furthermore, the study contributes to the broader discourse on occupational health, highlighting the need for targeted interventions and policy changes to protect workers in physically demanding jobs.

Sosioeconomic, Behavioral, and Biological Determinants of Tuberculosis Incidence: A Case Study in Aceh Besar, Indonesia

2025-10-02T12:25:37+07:00

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) pandemic is a significant global health concern, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Every year the incidence and deaths due to TB continue to increase. Preventing and controlling TB effectively requires understanding the complex interplay of the multidimensional TB risk factors, which consist of social, behavioral, and biological determinants that contribute to its spread. This study aimed to identify and analyze the primary risk factors associated with TB incidence.

Methods: This study employed a case-control design with 44 respondents consisting of 22 laboratory-confirmed TB patients and 22 non-TB patients with matching ages and sex. This study used a structured questionnaire was used to collect data through face-to-face interviews. The questionnaire assessed risk factors across three key domains: social determinants, behavioral determinants, and biological determinants. Bivariate analysis, which used a chi-square test (p-value <0.05), and multivariate analysis, which used a logistic regression test, were performed to determine risk factors most associated with TB incidence.

Results: Low income (p-value=0.015;OR=6.923;95%CI=1.285-37.287), high TB-related stigma (p-value=0.033;OR=3.852;95%CI=1.086-13.661), insufficient TB knowledge (p-value =0.033;OR=3.852;95%CI=1.086-13.661), food insecurity (p-value=0.006;OR=5.950;95%CI=1.586-22.328), lack of preventative measures (p-value=0.015;OR=4.667;95%CI=1.299-16.761), history of contact with TB patients (p-value =0.039;OR=7.875;95%CI=0.860-72.122), and presence of comorbidities (p-value =0.031;OR=5.714;95%CI=1.051-31.072) were significantly associated with TB incidence. Comorbidities emerged as the strongest risk factor (p-value =0.020; OR=12.141;95%CI=1.486-99.231).

Conclusion: This study highlights several major factors influencing TB incidence, including social, behavioral, and biological determinants. The findings suggest that effective TB control strategies should address socioeconomic conditions, promote healthy lifestyles, and involve community leaders and TB survivors in educational campaigns, stigma reduction, and early diagnosis efforts. Understanding these health determinants can inform more targeted public policies for curbing TB incidence.

Stunting in Toddlers: Exploring Multiple Factors Through a Case Control Study

2025-10-02T12:25:32+07:00

Introduction: Stunting is a serious concern for children globally, including in Indonesia, often caused by ongoing malnutrition problems. There are numerous factors associated with stunting. This research aims to analysed multiple factors related to stunting in toddlers.

Methods: This research utilized a case-control approach. The research was conducted in the Marawola District from Juni to August 2024. A group of 128 toddlers were part of the study, with half of them classified as cases and the remaining half as controls. Variables in this research included maternal characteristics (education, occupation), toilet ownership, exclusive breastfeeding practice, complete immunization, and stunting. Data was collected using questionnaires and direct measurements (anthropometry). Data analysis involved univariate and bivariate analysis using the chi-square test, as well as multivariate analysis using linear regression with 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results: The results from the research were indicated a strong correlation between education (p = 0.038), exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.012), and complete immunization (p = 0.008) with the occurrence of stunting. In particular, it was identified that complete immunization has the highest impact on stunting compared to the others variables studied.

Conclusion: A significant association was observed between education, exclusive breastfeeding, complete immunization, and the likelihood of stunting in toddlers. It is crucial to introduce targeted interventions that prioritize the provorsion of proper nutrition, education, and enhanced healthcare accessibility to reduce the prevalence of stunting among toddlers.

Work and Individual Factors Influencing Stress Among Nurse Anesthetists in West Java, Indonesia

2025-10-02T12:25:21+07:00

Introduction: Anesthesia services have complex and high-risk work characteristics, which can impact work stress in health workers, including nurse anesthetists in the operating room. This research aims to determine the relationship between work and individual characteristics and the incidence of work stress experienced by nurse anesthetists.

Methods: The research method used was quantitative research with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study were nurse anesthetists in the West Java region who were members of the DPD IPAI JABAR, totalling 765 people. The sample was chosen with non-probability sampling using a stratified random sampling technique based on the work area of the nurse anesthetists, totalling 88 people. The research instrument used a questionnaire about individual characteristics, work characteristics, and workload using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) questionnaire, created as a Google form sent via the DPD IPAI West Java admin. Data analysis uses regression with chi-square.

Results: The research results show that the average work stress is 58.15, with a minimum value of 23, a maximum of 87, and a moderate stress category of 81.8%. Work characteristics related to work stress include hospital type (p-value 0.003), length of work per day (p-value 0.016), and patient’s ASA (p-value 0.013). Meanwhile, individual characteristics related to work stress are age (0.002) and year of work (0.000).

Conclusion: Differences in working hours, type of hospital, work patterns, length of service, type of hospitals, as well as lack of seminars or education regarding stress management in the workplace, can influence work stress so that there is a need for clear work mapping for the hospital so that the quality of service can be provided optimally.

Stunting Prevention of Elementary School Children Based on Nutrition Education Peer Group: A Quasy Experimental

2025-10-02T12:25:18+07:00

Introduction: Stunting in elementary school children is a nutritional problem that impacts physical and cognitive development. One of the main factors causing stunting is the lack of knowledge, attitudes, and appropriate actions in maintaining children's nutrition.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of peer group-based nutrition education in preventing stunting in elementary school children.

Methods: A type of quantitative research with a quasi-experimental design with experimental and control groups in two primary schools. The sample was selected by purposive sampling consisting of a treatment group and a control group of 30 samples each. The intervention was carried out for three months and was carried out in 6 meeting sessions for 3 weeks. Each session is held for 60 minutes and is guided by a facilitator who is trained through a nutrition education program carried out by peer students with materials that include the importance of nutritious diets, healthy living behaviors, and stunting with the media of nutrition posters and leaflets, every month children are monitored using modified food recalls. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and chi-square test to compare the difference before and after the intervention.

Results: This study found a significant improvement in nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes, and actions in the experimental group compared to the control group (p=0.001<0.05).

Conclusion: This study proves that peer group-based nutrition education programs effectively increase knowledge, attitudes, and actions that can prevent stunting in elementary school children. Based on these findings, it is recommended to expand the application of similar interventions in schools to reduce the prevalence of stunting.

Cadre Role and Performance in Preventing Stunting in Dolo, Central Sulawesi

2025-10-02T12:25:36+07:00

Introduction: Indonesia has the highest rate of stunting among toddlers in Southeast Asia, with a prevalence of 31.0%. A 2022 survey on nutritional status conducted across 33 Indonesian provinces ranked Central Sulawesi 6th highest for stunting, at 28.2%. Within 13 regencies/cities in Central Sulawesi province, Sigi regency had the highest stunting rate, reaching 36.8% among toddlers. Data from the Dolo Community Health Center showed a local prevalence of stunting at 14.7% in 2022. This figure remains high compared to the government's annual standard of 3.8%. The Community Health Worker program in 12 countries prevents stunting by providing nutrition education, monitoring child growth, promoting exclusive breastfeeding, and distributing additional foods and supplements. As the main pillars for improving public health, cadres are crucial in preventing stunting. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the role and performance of cadres in preventing stunting in the Dolo, Central Sulawesi.

Methods: A qualitative case study design was adopted from March to July 2024 in Dolo, Central Sulawesi. Furthermore, 15 informants were selected by purposive sampling, including three key informants, seven primary informants, and five additional informants. Data collection involved participant observation, in-depth interviews, documentation, and focus group discussions. Analysis followed three steps: reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. Ethical approval was received from Majapahit Health Sciences College, Number: 04 /EC-SM/2024.

Results: The results showed that stunting cadres in the Dolo, Central Sulawesi, effectively fulfilled their role and responsibilities across various stages of intervention. However, several challenges were identified, including limitations in conducting home visits.

Conclusion: Cadre performance in Dolo requires a comprehensive approach, namely setting a minimum standard for each cadre's frequency of home visits. Stakeholders provide refresher training every six months and conduct periodic evaluations of cadre effectiveness.

Stunting Prevention Behavior for Children Under Five Years of Age Based on Integrated Nutrition Education with Local Culture MARTABE: A Quasi Experiment

2025-10-02T12:25:19+07:00

Introduction: Stunting is a serious problem in public health, especially in children under five years old. The nutrition education program integrated with the local culture of MARTABE Batak Angkola Tribe can effectively prevent stunting in children under five years old. This study aims to assess the influence of nutrition education programs integrated with local culture on stunting prevention behavior.

Methods: The study was conducted with a quasi-experimental design. Sampling was carried out by purposive sampling. The sample was divided into two groups: the intervention group that will be given the MARTABE local cultural integrated nutrition education program and the control group that did not receive the intervention. The intervention group was given a MARTABE local cultural integrated nutrition education program as a module, while the control group only received ordinary education through a leaflet. The local culture-based nutrition education program was carried out for 6 weeks, which included counseling on balanced nutrition, the benefits of local food, and ways to prevent stunting. Data was collected through questionnaires and observations. Data analysis used statistical techniques such as paired t-test, chi-square, and hoteling test.

Results: The results showed that both the intervention and control groups had a significant influence on knowledge (p=0.002), attitude (p=0.000), action (p=0.001), and behavior (p=0.000) after being given nutrition education integrated with MARTABE's local culture. Hotelling's Trace values for overall behavior change showed significant results (F=5794,811, p=0.000). This shows a significant difference in the behavior of caregivers under five between before and after the intervention. In other words, local culture-based nutrition education programs effectively influence changes in the behavior of caregivers under five years old.

Conclusion: Nutritional education integrated with local culture improves knowledge, attitudes, actions, and behaviors concerning stunting prevention in children under five. Therefore, this approach can be used as an intervention model in stunting prevention in Indonesia.

Determinants of Antenatal Care Utilization at Batua Health Center, Makassar City: A 2024 Study

2025-10-02T12:25:24+07:00

Introduction: Coverage of antenatal care services visits at Batua Health Centre will fluctuate in 2023. The causal factors include predisposing factors, enabling factors and need factors, our objective was to determine the factors related to the utilization of antenatal care services for pregnant women in the working area of the Batua Health Centre in 2024.

Methods: This research uses a quantitative type of research, with a cross-sectional study approach. The population in this study were all pregnant women who had visited K4 at the Batua Health Center, namely 80 pregnant women. The sample in this study used a total sampling of 80 pregnant women with the sample criteria being pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy. The analysis technique uses univariate and bivariate tests in the form of Fisher's exact test using statistical test applications.

Results: This research shows that there is a significant relationship between education (p=0.039<0.05), employment (p=0.003<0.05), knowledge (p=0.009<0.05) and husband's support (p=0.021<0.05) with the utilization of antenatal care services for pregnant women in the working area of Batua Health Center in 2024, while there is no significant relationship between age (p=0.551>0.05) and accessibility (p=0.053>0.05) with utilization of antenatal care services for pregnant women in the working area of the Batua Health Center in 2024.

Conclusion: Education, employment, knowledge, and husband’s support play a crucial role in the utilization of ANC services among pregnant women. These findings underscore the importance of targeted interventions, such as community-based maternal health education programs and policies that promote husband involvement in maternal health support. To enhance ANC service coverage and effectiveness, strategic measures should be implemented, including strengthening maternal health awareness programs, providing broader access to health information, and optimizing the role of healthcare workers in encouraging regular ANC visits. The Batua Health Centre is encouraged to collaborate with local policymakers to develop strategies that improve awareness and participation in ANC services, ultimately contributing to better maternal and neonatal health outcomes on a broader scale.

Hospital Size and Cybersecurity Practices: Evaluating Nurses' Awareness in Indonesia

2025-10-02T12:25:28+07:00

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding cybersecurity in healthcare settings, focusing on variations across hospitals of different sizes. Cybersecurity is critical in the digitalization of healthcare, yet gaps in awareness and training persist, particularly in developing countries. With increasing cyber threats targeting healthcare institutions globally, this study seeks to address the underexplored role of nurses in safeguarding hospital information systems.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in three government hospitals in Makassar, Indonesia, from [start month/year] to [end month/year]. A total of 331 nurses participated, representing hospitals of varying organizational sizes and bed capacities. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, assessing KAP related to cybersecurity. Ethical approval was obtained from [name of ethics committee], and written informed consent was secured from all participants. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, with significance set at p < 0.05.

Results: The study revealed significant gaps in nurses' cybersecurity knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Awareness of hospital cybersecurity policies was low (43.2%), particularly in larger hospitals. Hospital 3, the smallest, exhibited higher awareness (59.0%) compared to Hospital 1 (35.8%) and Hospital 2 (39.6%) (p = 0.03). Risky behaviours, such as using personal devices for sensitive data transfer, were prevalent (77.0%), with the highest incidence in larger hospitals. Statistical analyses confirmed significant variations in cybersecurity KAP based on hospital size and organizational complexity.

Conclusion: This study highlights the critical need for targeted cybersecurity training programs, particularly for nursing staff in larger hospitals, through raising awareness of social engineering attacks, email scams, and infection detection. By addressing gaps in awareness and practices, hospitals can enhance data protection and mitigate risks. Future research should explore tailored interventions and organizational factors influencing cybersecurity in healthcare systems to inform global health policies.

Health Literacy with Quality of Life in People with HIV AIDS

2025-10-02T12:25:22+07:00

Introduction: Indonesia is the 5th most vulnerable country in Asia, with an accumulated number of 519,158 cases in 2022. Health literacy is essential for people with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) to avoid opportunistic infections through increased insights related to their health care. This study aims to analysing the relationship between respondent characteristics and access to information with health literacy and the relationship of health literacy with the quality of life of HIV/AIDS sufferers.

Methods: Cross-sectional studies are used in this kind of quantitative research. The population in this study is 316 people with PLWHA undergoing treatment at Kendari City Hospital in 2023, with a sample of 177 people. Sampling of the study used Simple Random Sampling. The data analysis used is the Chi-Square Test.

Results: The results of the study were obtained from the Chi Square test based on gender, p-value (0.769) > ? (0,05), based on age p-value (0.598 > ? (0,05), based on education p-value (0,004) < ? (0,05), based on the length of suffering p-value (0,006) < ? (0,05), and based on access to information p-value (0,001) < ? (0,05). The results of the binary logistic regression analysis were obtained by the information access variable with Exp (B) = 3,222.

Conclusion: Factors related to health literacy in people with HIV/AIDS are education, long-time suffering and access to information. Health literacy related to quality of life in people with HIV/AIDS at Kendari City Hospital. It is expected, the hospitals which are the basis for health information services for PLHIV need to improve health literacy programs both conventionally and electronically involving digital technology.

Body Mass Index, Hemoglobin levels and Grade-Point Average for Public Health Students: Cross Sectional Study

2025-10-02T12:25:41+07:00

Introduction: Poor nutrition can disrupt a child's motivation, ability to train, and his ability to learn. This will affect children's learning achievement. The first-year students following the lecture process with the block system have an average GPA lower than students who use the lecture system block two to three years. The aim to find out the nutritional status and the college student's achievement index who take the block system learning method in the learning environment of the public health department UIN Alauddin Makassar.

Methods: The participants were 88 students from the public health department of UIN Alauddin Makassar with the Cross-Sectional approach method. The research data was obtained by measuring anthropometry based on BW / TB, measurement of hemoglobin, and student achievement index. Data were analyzed by the chi-square test at p-value <0.05.

Results: The results showed that the analysis of BMI based on indicators of weight and height measurements obtained the normal nutritional status of students only 40.9%, nutritional status underweight category as much as 35.2% and overweight or overweight as much as 23.9%. The results of hemoglobin examination (g / dl) showed that respondents had anemia which was as much as 71.6%, which was not anemic 28.4%. The results showed that there was no relationship between the BMI with the learning achievement of students who took classes with the block system in health study programs, P-value = 0.902. P-value = 0.001, which shows that there is a significant relationship between anemia status and achievement index obtained during the 2 semesters of lectures that have been followed.

Conclusion: Anemia is one of the nutritional problems that can affect student learning achievement, so students can improve consumption patterns that affect hemoglobin.

Efficacy and Safety of Cannabidiol for Anxiety: A Bibliometric Analysis and Systematic Review

2025-10-02T12:25:10+07:00

Introduction: A non-psychoactive substance present in the cannabis plant, cannabidiol (CBD), seems to have potential as an anxiolytic agent. This study systematically reviews the efficacy, safety, dosage, mechanisms, and adverse effects of CBD in treating anxiety.

Methods: The PRISMA guideline was used to conduct the review.

Results: A total of 64 articles were included in the study. It showed that CBD works at the endocannabinoid receptors CB1 and 5-HT1A, which regulate mood and reduce anxiety. In animal models, a range dosage of 5 – 10 mg/kg showed a significant anxiolytic effect in behavioral tests, while in humans, 300 mg/day was proven to be effective in treating various types of anxiety disorders. However, individual responses to CBD showed varying results, and demographic characteristics affect the efficacy of animal and human studies. CBD was also considered safer to be used in the short term compared to diazepam, although the long-term effect remains lacking evidence

Conclusion: This study concludes that CBD has potential as an alternative choice for anxiety. Further research is needed in larger populations with rigorous study design and longer study durations to evaluate its effectiveness and ensure its safety.

Recommendations for Future Research: It is hoped that future research can examine the effects of fly resistance and killing on non-target organisms and control environmental conditions.