Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia (MPPKI)

Screening for Psychosocial Problems Using the PSC-35/Youth and Associated Factors among Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study at MTs Al-Washliyah 42 Sipispis, Serdang Bedagai, Indonesia

Fri, 11 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Introduction: Psychosocial problems may contribute to depression among adolescents, yet many cases remain undetected. In the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey, 2.8% of individuals aged 15–24 years had mental health problems in the previous month. Peer pressure and school bullying may increase psychosocial stress and the risk of depression. Evidence on school-based screening using the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) in North Sumatra is limited. This study aimed to screen adolescents for psychosocial problems using the PSC-35/Youth and identify associated factors at MTs Al-Washliyah 42 Sipispis, Serdang Bedagai, Indonesia.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 142 adolescents aged 12–15 years at MTs Al-Washliyah 42 Sipispis; all 142 were included in the analysis. Psychosocial problems were assessed using the Pediatric Symptom Checklist-35/Youth (PSC-35/Y), an Indonesian translation reviewed by experts for linguistic appropriateness, item clarity, and semantic equivalence with the original instrument. The 35 items are rated as “never” (0), “sometimes” (1), or “often” (2), giving a total score of 0–70; a score ≥30 indicates a positive screen for psychosocial problems. Ethical approval was granted under approval number 4122/F/KEP/USM/IV/2026. Associations were examined using the chi-square test followed by multivariable logistic regression, with a 95% confidence level.

Results: Of the 142 adolescents, 65 (45.8%) screened positive for psychosocial problems. Bivariate analysis identified significant associations with family environment (p = 0.001), school environment (p = 0.023), peer relationships (p = 0.009), and academic achievement (p = 0.008). Multivariable analysis showed that adolescents with a positive family environment had lower odds of screening positive for psychosocial problems compared with those with a negative family environment as the reference category (OR = 0.093; 95% CI: 0.037–0.231; p = 0.001).

Conclusion: Psychosocial problems were common among the adolescents in this study. Family environment, school environment, peer relationships, and academic achievement were significantly associated with psychosocial problems in bivariate analyses; family environment remained significant in the multivariable model. These findings support strengthening family support systems and school-based psychosocial screening and support for adolescent mental health.

Pending Inpatient Claims in Indonesia's National Health Insurance System: Implications of INA-CBGs Revisions for Claim Reimbursement

Warsi Maryati, Yeni Tri Utami, Moh Muhtarom — Sat, 12 Sep 2026 11:04:33 +0700

Introduction: This study examined pending inpatient claims under Indonesia’s National Health Insurance (BPJS) for the July–December 2025 claim period. A simple random sample of 239 pending claims was included, with claim revision followed by final verification. The study aimed to identify administrative, medical, and coding-related factors contributing to pending claims; assess changes in INA-CBGs categorisation and reimbursement following claim revision; and describe the implications for claims management.

Methods: This quantitative descriptive case study retrospectively reviewed pending inpatient claims submitted to BPJS. A simple random sample of 239 eligible claims was selected from 595 pending claims using random-number generation in Microsoft Excel. Data were extracted from claim documents and analysed descriptively to identify changes in Case Main Group (CMG), Severity Level, and reimbursement values before and after claim revision.

Results: Among the 239 pending inpatient claims, administrative factors accounted for 46%, followed by medical factors (37%) and coding-related factors (17%). CMG changed in three claims, whereas Severity Level changed in seven claims, comprising six downgrades and one upgrade. Nine claims showed changes in INA-CBGs reimbursement, with a net decrease of IDR 19,378,800 (26.74%) compared with the pre-revision values.

Conclusion: Pending BPJS inpatient claims had administrative and financial implications extending beyond payment delays to changes in INA-CBGs classification and reimbursement. Strengthening clinical documentation, adherence to appropriate coding practices, and claims governance may improve reimbursement accuracy and support the sustainability of hospital financing.

Associated Factors for Non-Communicable Diseases: A Comprehensive Analysis of Mental, Behavioral, Biological, and Sociodemographic Determinants

Wienta Diarsvitri, Siti Isfandari, Lutfah Rif’ati, Efyluk Garianto — Sun, 13 Sep 2026 18:16:25 +0700

Introduction: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death and disability in Indonesia, placing a growing burden on the healthcare system and economy. This study examined the sociodemographic and health-related factors associated with NCDs among adults aged 35 years and older, using cross-sectional data from the national health survey.

Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research, a national survey that employed systematic two-stage random sampling. The analysis included 177,919 adults aged 35 years and older. Complex-sample multivariable binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with NCDs. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated after adjustment for potential confounders.

Results: Individuals aged ≥55 years had twice the odds of reporting NCDs compared with younger adults (aOR: 2.025; 95% CI: 1.888–2.172). Participants presenting four metabolic syndrome (MetS) components had more than fivefold higher odds of NCDs (95% CI: 4.822–7.153). Individuals with mental health conditions (MHCs) had 2.6-fold higher odds of NCDs than those without MHCs. Former smokers had more than twice the odds of NCDs compared with current smokers. Being male, employed, and in the highest spending group were independently associated with 1.3- to 1.5-fold higher odds of NCDs. In contrast, engaging in physical activity at or below the World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended level was associated with lower odds of NCDs.

Conclusion: Older age, MetS, MHCs, former smoking, male sex, employment, and higher socioeconomic status were independently associated with increased odds of NCDs, whereas physical activity was associated with lower odds. The strong association between MetS and NCDs highlights the importance of early metabolic risk screening and integrated interventions addressing metabolic health, mental health, smoking cessation, and physical activity to reduce the burden of NCDs.

The Role of Nutritional Status in the Quality of Life (QoL) of PLHIV

Sun, 13 Sep 2026 18:43:58 +0700

Introduction: Despite significant advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART), multiple factors continue to be associated with the Quality of Life (QoL) among people living with HIV (PLHIV). Although nutritional status may play an important biological role in the observed relationships, limited evidence exists regarding its statistical mediating role between behavioural, environmental, personal, and metacognitive factors and QoL among PLHIV receiving long-term treatment.

Methods: This study employed an analytical cross-sectional design using Structural Equation Modelling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). Participants were selected using purposive sampling based on predefined inclusion criteria. Sample size adequacy was determined using the 10-fold rule and G*Power analysis with a medium effect size (f² = 0.15), significance level of 0.05, and statistical power of 0.80. A total of 127 PLHIV receiving ART participated in the study.

Results: Among 126 PLHIV analysed (purposive, service-based sample), the measurement model showed strong convergent validity (AVE > 0.80) and reliability (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.89). Personal, behavioural, environmental, and metacognitive factors were each significantly associated with nutritional status, with personal factors showing the strongest effect (β = 0.468; p < 0.001). Nutritional status, in turn, was significantly associated with Quality of Life (β = 0.746; p < 0.001), while none of the four determinants showed a significant direct association with QoL once nutritional status entered the model. Bootstrapped indirect effects were significant for all four determinants (β = 0.249 to 0.349; 95% CI excluding zero), a pattern consistent with a statistical mediation model rather than evidence of a causal mechanism. The structural model accounted for 66.2% of the variance in QoL (R² = 0.662).

Conclusion: In this cross-sectional sample of PLHIV aged 30 years and above, nutritional status showed a statistical pattern consistent with mediating the associations between personal, behavioural, environmental, and metacognitive factors and Quality of Life, explaining 66.2% of its variance (R² = 0.662). These findings should be read as hypothesis-generating rather than proof of a causal pathway, given the cross-sectional design.

Cross-Sectional Associations of Work Fatigue with Repetitive-Task Risk, Sleep Quality, and Body Mass Index among Informal Fish-Smoking Workers

Ekawati, Siswi Jayanti, Suroto — Mon, 14 Sep 2026 13:40:24 +0700

Introduction: Workers in informal industries are routinely exposed to physical, environmental, and ergonomic stressors that may be associated with fatigue and musculoskeletal strain. This study examined the cross-sectional associations of repetitive-task risk, sleep quality, body mass index, and selected individual characteristics with work fatigue among fish-smoking workers in Semarang, Indonesia.

Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, data were collected from 64 workers through structured questionnaires, observational assessments, and anthropometric measurements. Fatigue levels were measured using the Indonesian version of the Japanese Industrial Fatigue Research Committee (JIFRC) Fatigue Questionnaire, repetitive-task risk was assessed using the Assessment of Repetitive Tasks (ART) method, and sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), which evaluates subjective sleep quality over the preceding month.

Results: Moderate fatigue was reported by 59.4% of participants. In the bivariate analysis, left-hand repetitive-task risk was associated with fatigue (p = 0.037), whereas right-hand repetitive-task risk and the dichotomised sleep-quality category were not associated with fatigue. In the adjusted linear regression model, the left-hand association was attenuated (B = 0.028, p = 0.839), while BMI remained associated with the coded fatigue outcome (B = 0.181, 95% CI 0.047 to 0.316, p = 0.009). The overall regression model explained 21.3% of the variation in fatigue (R² = 0.213; adjusted R² = 0.115) and did not reach the conventional threshold for statistical significance (F (7, 56) = 2.166, p = 0.051). These estimates should be interpreted cautiously because of the small sample and imbalanced categories.

Conclusion: Among workers in the participating fish-smoking centres, BMI was associated with the coded fatigue outcome after adjustment, while the unadjusted association involving left-hand repetitive-task risk was not retained in the adjusted model. Because the overall regression model was marginally non-significant, the individual adjusted associations should be interpreted cautiously. The findings identify anthropometric assessment, fatigue screening, and further task-specific ergonomic evaluation as priorities for future health-promotion research. Longitudinal and intervention studies are needed before conclusions can be drawn regarding causality, intervention effectiveness, or productivity.