Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia (MPPKI)

Social Work for Servicewomen in Ukraine: A Qualitative Inquiry into Social Work Practices in Private Healthcare Facilities

Andriy Chernov — 2025-11-01

Introduction: Given the growing participation of women in the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the gender-specific needs they face after demobilisation, the author analyses the importance of implementing gender-sensitive, multidisciplinary, and individualised support. The aim of this study is to examine the role of social work in supporting servicewomen, using the example of private healthcare institutions in Ukraine, while taking into account gender-specific factors and wartime challenges.

Methods: The methodology is based on a qualitative approach, which includes 18 semi-structured in-depth interviews with women servicewomen (n=10), social workers (n=5) and clinic managers (n=3), as well as case studies of three private clinics in Kyiv, Lviv, and Dnipro. The study also includes a comparative analysis of support models in Canada, Norway, and the UK. The findings show that 90% of female servicewomen reported severe emotional exhaustion and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder after demobilisation; 80% expressed reluctance to seek state support due to stigma and distrust; and 60% faced discrimination in the military.

Results: The results demonstrate the effectiveness of approaches such as case management, client-centred programmes, women's mentoring, and mobile multidisciplinary teams. However, several barriers were identified, including limited funding, insufficiently trained personnel, the absence of clear standards, and persistent gender stereotypes.

Conclusion: Finally, the article emphasises the importance of further integrating private healthcare facilities into the national veteran support system, the need for specialised professional training, and the development of partnerships between medical institutions, the state, and civil society to ensure the sustainable protection of the rights and well-being of servicewomen.

Effectiveness of Brief Online Education in Enhancing Parental Knowledge on Child Growth and Health Monitoring

Merita Arini — 2025-11-01

Introduction: Monitoring children’s growth and development is essential, yet many parents face barriers in accessing reliable health education. While online learning offers potential solutions, evidence of its effectiveness remains limited, particularly in developing countries. This study assessed the impact of a pediatrician-led online session, consisting of a brief presentation and interactive discussion via Zoom, conducted in collaboration with a community clinic, on parental knowledge regarding child growth and health monitoring.

Methods: A single-group pretest-posttest design was conducted with 77 eligible participants from a publicly accessible webinar in collaboration with a private clinic in Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The intervention included a pediatrician-led session covering growth milestones, health indicators, and monitoring techniques. A ten-item online questionnaire was developed and validated for content by four experts using the Content Validity Index (CVI), resulting in an average S-CVI of 0.95. Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test and effect size analysis were performed.

Results: Participants’ knowledge significantly increased following the intervention (p = 0.001) with a medium to large effect size (r = 0.52). There was an improvement in participants’ knowledge scores from a median of 70 (IQR 60–80) to 100 (IQR 85–100). No significant differences were found across demographic variables such as age, gender, or occupation (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: This study demonstrated a positive shift in parental knowledge after a brief Zoom-based session. The findings underscore the potential of accessible online education to initiate broader community involvement in child health monitoring. Sustained impact will require integration with ongoing education, system-level support, and attention to barriers such as digital access and health literacy.

Exploring Fathers’ Educational Media Needs During the Maternal-Perinatal Period in Yogyakarta

Warsiti Warsiti — 2025-11-01

Introduction: In this study, we aimed to identify the needs for interactive educational media to optimize fathers’ involvement during the maternal-perinatal period in Yogyakarta. With evidence showing that paternal engagement contributes significantly to maternal well-being, child development, and family health outcomes, our objective was to explore the specific barriers and preferences of expectant fathers to address gaps in current health education strategies that remain largely mother-centered.

Methods: This qualitative study employed focus group discussions with midwives and in-depth interviews with expectant fathers and mothers at public health centers in Yogyakarta (July–August 2025). Participants (6 midwives, 10 fathers, 10 mothers) were purposively recruited to ensure variation in socioeconomic and educational backgrounds. Data collection proceeded until thematic saturation was achieved. Transcripts were coded inductively and analyzed thematically using NVivo, applying constant comparison across cases. Credibility was enhanced through iterative refinement of codes. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Health Research Ethics Committee of UNISA Yogyakarta (Ref No.4601/KEP-UNISA/VI/2025); all participants gave written informed consent.

Results: The primary outcome was the identification of fathers’ educational needs during the maternal-perinatal period. Four themes emerged from data analysis and revealed; limited access to practical; father-focused learning resources; cultural barriers due to patriarchal norms; and a strong preference for interactive and technology-based media such as mobile applications, simulations, and audiovisual content

Conclusion: This study underscores the need for father-focused, context-specific educational media. Findings suggest incorporating mobile-based modules featuring short videos, simulations, gamified content, and blended online-offline practice. Such designs can possibly strengthen paternal confidence and engagement, enhancing maternal well-being and infant outcomes while informing innovative perinatal health promotion strategies in similar contexts.

A Stochastic Projection for Tuberculosis Elimination in Indonesia by 2030

Novi Reandy Sasmita — 2025-11-01

Introduction: Indonesia, with the world's second-highest tuberculosis (TB) burden, has targeted TB elimination (65 cases per 100,000) by 2030. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of achieving this goal by projecting TB incidence trends using a stochastic epidemic model that accounts for the uncertainties inherent in TB transmission dynamics in latent TB infections.

Methods: The initial values for state variables and parameters were derived from a comprehensive literature review and calibrated against publicly available epidemiological data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health reports from 2018-2022. A Susceptible, Vaccinated, Three Exposed, Three Infectious, Recovered (SVE3I3R) model was developed, incorporating Gaussian noise into the exposed compartments to simulate real-world unpredictability in latent infection dynamics. The model was solved numerically using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta (RK4) method in R software. Key outcomes measured were the projected incidence of drug-susceptible TB (DS-TB), multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB).

Results: Model projections suggest that the overall TB incidence rate will fall from 387 cases per 100,000 people in 2023 to a projected 320 cases per 100,000 by 2030. However, this remains far above the national target. While DS-TB cases decreased to 730,283, MDR-TB and XDR-TB cases were projected to surge dramatically to 120,939 cases and 104,651 individuals, respectively. The estimation signals a critical shift in the epidemic's profile.

Conclusions: Indonesia is not on track to achieve its 2030 TB elimination target under current interventions. The alarming rise of drug-resistant TB necessitates an urgent, aggressive, and multifaceted policy response. This study underscores the critical value of incorporating stochasticity into epidemiological models for more realistic forecasting and public health planning in high-burden settings.

Effect of Educational Videos on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Ear Health: A Quasi-Experimental Study among Medical Students in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Arsyada Hakama Syakuro — 2025-11-01

Introduction: Many hearing problems arise from a lack of understanding about ear health and proper care. Lack of public awareness of how to maintain ear health, coupled with improper ear cleaning techniques such as using cotton swabs or other instruments, can lead to earwax blockages or infections in the outer ear. Some ear infections can be prevented by public health promotion activities, including videos. This study aims to examine the effect of ear health education videos on knowledge, attitudes, and ear cleaning practices.

Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test design. Sixty-three medical students were recruited using consecutive sampling. After obtaining informed consent, they were asked to complete a valid and reliable Indonesian version questionnaire on knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of ear health, watch an educational video about anatomy, physiology, and ear health safety care, and then complete the same questionnaire again.

Results: The research respondents were 38 (60.3%) female students and 25 (39.7%) male students. Overall KAP scores improved significantly after video intervention (Z = -3.92, p < 0.001, r = 0.49, 95% CI = [0.28-0.66]). Stratified analysis of each domain revealed heterogeneous outcomes. Knowledge and attitude scores showed a non-significant increase, but practices improved significantly with a small to moderate effect (Z = -2.03, p = 0.042, r = 0.26, 95% CI = [0.40-3.00]), particularly regarding avoidance of unsafe ear cleaning tools and noise exposure.

Conclusion:Ear health video education did not substantially alter knowledge and attitude, but it produced significant behavioral shifts in self-reported ear-care practices. The absence of substantial change in knowledge and attitude ratings may be due to a high baseline level in this cohort, indicating a possible ceiling effect. This behavioral shift aligns with theories suggesting that multimedia interventions effectively improve procedural skills and self-efficacy, aiding the application of existing knowledge into positive action rather than promoting deeper conceptual change.

Employees Safety Behavior and Industrial Accident Mitigations: Moderating Role of Safety Management System in the Nigerian Manufacturing Sector

Akinbode James — 2025-11-01

Introduction: This study investigates the moderating role of safety management in the perceived nexus between employees' safety behavior and industrial accident mitigations in the Nigerian manufacturing sector.

Methods: This research adopted a survey design to gather data for the study with a leading manufacturing firm in Lagos. The sample size was 188, and data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The collected data were analysed statistically (Structural equation model). The Bowen University Teaching Hospital Ethics Committee granted ethical approval for the study.

Results: The study established that safety behavior reduces workplace accident rates. It was also found that a well-organized safety management system can lower industrial accidents. Lastly, a safety management system significantly moderates the relationship between safety behavior and industrial accident mitigation.

Conclusion: The study concludes that a safety management system determines safety behavior that mitigates industrial accidents. The study emphasized that safety attitude, safety compliance, safety knowledge, environmental control, fire control system, safety instruction equipment, regulatory enforcement, safety training program, and management commitment to safety regulate employees' safety behavior and mitigate spate of industrial accidents in the sector.

Strategies of the Palu City Health Office in Achieving a Healthy City

Fadly Umar — 2025-11-01

Introduction: This study aimed to analyze the strategies implemented by the Health Office of Palu City in realizing a Healthy City, as part of Indonesia’s national movement toward achieving the World Health Organization (WHO) Healthy City framework. The program emphasizes cross-sector collaboration and active community participation, which remain crucial in addressing challenges of urbanization, social inequality, and limited health infrastructure.

Methods: A qualitative case study design guided by Parsons’ AGIL functional framework was applied to explore adaptive, integrative, goal-oriented, and latent dimensions of health governance. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document reviews involving key stakeholders such as health officials, community leaders, health cadres, and social organizations (e.g., PKK and NGOs). Data were analyzed thematically using NVivo 12 Plus. Ethical clearance was obtained, and all participants provided informed consent.

Results: The findings revealed that the Health Office strategies were categorized into the four AGIL functional dimensions: (1) Adaptation, through fiscal adjustment and program prioritization; (2) Integration, via inter-sectoral coordination and disaster response mechanisms; (3) Goal Attainment, through leadership alignment with municipal health targets; and (4) Latency, through sustained community participation and cadre-led education. These strategies strengthened social structures, communication forums, and community-based initiatives such as GERMAS and open defecation elimination. Despite these efforts, key barriers persisted—namely, limited budget allocation, weak cross-sectoral institutionalization, and uneven citizen engagement across subdistricts.

Conclusion: The study concludes that a socially grounded, AGIL-informed collaborative strategy adopted by the Health Office is effective in promoting the WHO Healthy City initiative within Indonesia’s decentralized governance context. These findings contribute theoretically to the discourse on social determinants of health and systems theory, and offer practical implications for strengthening local government capacity, budgeting, and inter-sectoral health policies.

Gender Paradox in Psychological Dating Violence in Indonesian Urban Adolescents: A Differential Item Functioning Analysis

Suci Musvita Ayu — 2025-11-02

Introduction: The gender paradox can be described as when violence against boys is considered minor, while violence against girls is considered oppression. What are the experiences of psychological dating violence among urban adolescents in Indonesia, and how can these be evaluated using Rasch modelling?

Methods: This study used a cross-sectional survey approach with 114 junior high school students in private schools in Yogyakarta. The instrument used was the 10-PDV. The psychological violence paradox in adolescent dating was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and Differential Item Functioning (DIF). Gender paradoxes were assessed based on p-value, DIF contrast, Rasch-Welch t, and Mantel-Haenszel Prob.

Results: The results of the study indicate the normalization of unhealthy behavior among urban adolescents in dating relationships, with a prevalence of psychological violence exceeding 50%. On the one hand, the percentage of female adolescents reporting psychological violence was higher than that of male adolescents. On the other hand, adolescent boys reported experiencing psychological violence with a higher severity level compared to adolescent girls.

Conclusion: These findings indicate a gender paradox in urban adolescent psychological dating violence.

Predicting Smoking Intentions Among Indonesian Youth Using Structural Equation Modeling and the Theory of Planned Behavior

Suwanda Priyadi — 2025-11-02

Introduction: In this study, we aimed to predict smoking intentions among Indonesian youth using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) within the context of global tobacco use. Our objective was to examine how attitude toward smoking, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control shape youth smoking intentions, addressing gaps in prior Indonesian studies by leveraging nationally representative data and enhanced analytical methods.

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved a secondary data analysis of the 2019 Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) conducted across Indonesia. A total of 9,992 youth participants were enrolled, and data were collected through structured questionnaires.

Results: The primary outcome of the study was cigarette smoking intention, and the structural equation modelling revealed a good model fit (SRMR = 0.018, RMSEA = 0.028, TLI = 0.986, and CFI = 0.994). All of the predictors were statistically significant in predicting youth smoking intentions. When compared to other TPB constructs, perceived behavioral control emerged as the strongest predictor (? = 0.223, p < .001), followed by attitude (? = –0.202, p < .001) and subjective norms (? = 0.091, p < .001). Past smoking behavior was also the strongest predictor (? = 0.241, p < .001). The model explained 29.7% of the variance in smoking intention. Individuals who had a positive attitude towards smoking, were exposed to smoking in both public and private spaces, and thought quitting was difficult were more likely to intend to smoke.

Conclusion: In conclusion, our study contributes to the understanding of youth smoking behavior by applying the TPB in the Indonesian context. These findings highlight the importance of behaviorally informed tobacco control interventions that address young people's perceptions of control and attitudes towards smoking, as well as the value of school-based programs, media literacy campaigns, and peer education strategies tailored to Indonesian culture.

Implementation of Balanced Nutrition Guidelines and Their Association with Children’s Nutritional Status in Private and Public Elementary Schools of Pekalongan Regency

Mikhael Andya Sekar Putri — 2025-11-02

Introduction: Double malnutrition has become a major nutritional concern among elementary school children, potentially impairing growth, development, and academic performance. This study aims to analyze the implementation of balanced nutrition and nutritional status in school-age children.

Methods: A cross-sectional design was applied from November – December 2024 at SDIT Plus Mutiara Umat (private school) and SDN 1 Wiroditan (public school), Pekalongan Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. A total of 140 students (70 from each school) were selected through simple random sampling. Data collection included self-administered questionnaires, 24-hour food recall, Individual Dietary Diversity Score (IDDS), and anthropometric measurements. Statistical analyses were performed using the independent t-test for normally distributed data and the Mann–Whitney test for non-normal distributions.

Results: Most parents in private school have completed college education (58.6%) while in public school only completed high school education (48.6%). Most subjects in private school had lower pocket money than in public schoolObesity prevalence was higher in private schools (15.7%), while underweight was more frequent in public schools (8.6%). Most respondents exhibited moderate nutritional knowledge (private: 68.6%; public: 77.1%) and negative nutritional attitudes (private: 88.6%; public: 94.3%). Moderate dietary diversity was observed in both groups. Public school students showed significantly higher energy, fat, and carbohydrate intakes (p < 0.05). Significant differences were also found in pocket money, maternal education, nutritional status, and attitude (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: This study contributes provides information to the community regarding balanced nutrition and the nutritional status of school-aged children. The findings of this research can serve as a reference for schools in promoting the implementation of balanced nutrition and for government may be used as a source of literature in development of programs aimed at achieving normal nutritional status among children.

Mental Health and Psychological Impact of Cyberbullying on Adolescents: A Bibliometric Study

Sutipyo Ru'iya — 2025-11-02

Introduction: The rapid growth of social media and internet use has increased the risk of cyberbullying, especially among adolescents. This issue became more prominent during the COVID-19 pandemic, as digital activity surged, creating greater opportunities for online harassment. The psychological impact of cyberbullying on students has become a global concern. This study aims to analyze global publication trends related to the impact of cyberbullying on adolescent mental health over the last decade.

Methods: A bibliometric analysis was conducted using data from the Scopus database, covering publications from 2015 to 2025. A total of 636 relevant documents were identified, focusing on psychology, public health, medical science, and social sciences. The analysis was performed using VOSviewer and R Studio, with key terms such as cyberbullying, mental health, and psychological impact.

Results: The results indicate a steady rise in publications on cyberbullying and adolescent mental health, with notable growth in recent years. The United States was the most productive country, with strong international collaboration patterns. Key research topics included cyberbullying, mental health, adolescents, and emotional outcomes such as anxiety and depression. The dominance of certain journals and keywords reflects increasing scholarly focus, particularly during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, which amplified both research interest and relevance.

Conclusion: This study highlights the growing global research interest in the psychological effects of cyberbullying. It provides valuable insights into key contributors, research focus, and collaboration trends, serving as a foundation for future studies and prevention efforts.

Analysis of Family Health Problems Related to Groundwater Use around the Kebon Kongok Landfill, Lombok: A Cross-sectional Study

Idham Halid — 2025-11-02

Introduction: The presence of landfills can threaten groundwater quality because the decomposition process of waste containing hazardous chemicals can cause surrounding groundwater pollution. As the amount of waste increases, the risk of environmental pollution around the landfill also increases, especially to groundwater sources used by the local community. The study aims to analyze family health problems related to the use of groundwater located near landfills.

Methods: The study used a cross-sectional design around the Kebon Kongok landfill, West Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara (WNT), Indonesia. The sample amounted to 300 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. Data analysis was performed descriptively, chi-square test, and binary logistic regression by analyzing the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) results, p-value <0.05, and 95% confidence interval.

Results: 164 respondents (54.7%) used well water for their daily needs. The results of the study based on binary logistic regression tests showed a significant relationship between history of diarrhea in children (p=0.002; AOR=3.65), nutritional status of the child (p=0.001; AOR=3.95), maternal history of fetal miscarriage (p<0.001; AOR=4.08), family history of skin disease (p=0.010; AOR=2.75), family history of ARI (p=0.011; AOR=2.72), disability status in the family (p<0.001; AOR=4.10), family history of chronic disease (p<0.001; AOR=4.79), history of mother giving birth to a low birth weight (LBW) infant (p=0.003; AOR: 2.97), and history of mother giving birth to a premature infant (p=0.009; AOR=2.64) with the use of groundwater in families around the landfill.

Conclusions: Groundwater use near contaminated waste disposal sites is closely related to family health issues related to diarrhea, nutritional status, fetal miscarriage, skin diseases, ARI, disability, chronic diseases, LBW, and history of mother giving birth to a premature infant. This indicates the need for significant health and environmental interventions to protect surrounding communities from the health risks of using polluted groundwater.

Geographical Variation in Preschoolers’ Screen Time: Parenting, Sibling, and Peer Relationships

Vivi Irzalinda — 2025-11-02

Introduction: In the digital age, excessive screen time has become a significant concern for preschool children, affecting their social, emotional, and behavioral development. This study examined the influence of parenting patterns, sibling relationships, and peer interactions on screen time, considering differences in geographical contexts.

Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative design with cluster random sampling was conducted in Bandar Lampung City, Indonesia, covering mountainous (Kemiling) and coastal (Teluk Betung Timur and Bumi Waras) subdistricts. The sample included 301 families with children aged 4–7 years, living with both parents and having siblings. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests to compare differences between groups.

Results: Results indicated that disciplinary parenting patterns were more effective in coastal areas, while play-based parenting patterns were stronger in mountainous areas. Sibling interaction and acceptance were higher in mountainous regions, whereas sibling rivalry was greater in coastal areas. No significant differences were found in peer interactions between the two regions. Children in coastal areas exhibited higher screen time than those in mountainous areas.

Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of geographical context in shaping children’s screen-related behaviors and family dynamics. The study emphasizes the need for geographically tailored interventions, including culturally adapted parental guidance in coastal and mountainous areas, sibling-based alternatives to screen use in mountainous areas, and integration of caregiver training with equitable internet access policies within early childhood education frameworks. Public health campaigns should integrate the WHO and American Academy of Pediatrics-recommended screen time guidelines (<1 hour/day) while promoting non-digital activities, particularly in coastal populations with higher device exposure.

Pre–Post Evaluation of a Rural Indonesian Posbindu Cadre-Led Health Promotion Program on Cardiovascular Knowledge, Physical Health, and Mental Well-Being

Pramitha Esha Nirmala Dewi — 2025-11-02

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a cadre-led intervention on physical health, cardiovascular knowledge, and mental well-being in rural Indonesian communities. Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of mortality in Indonesia, particularly in rural areas with limited healthcare access and low health literacy. With a growing burden of non-communicable diseases in low-resource settings, the objective was to assess a community-based approach addressing early detection and lifestyle modification gaps in the existing literature.

Methods: This quasi-experimental one-group pre-post study was conducted over six weeks in a rural Indonesian setting. A total of 91 adult participants were enrolled, and data were collected through anthropometric measurements, biochemical tests, a 15-item cardiovascular knowledge questionnaire, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for mental health screening. Ethical approval was obtained from the Medical and Health Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

Results: The primary outcome of the study was the change in cardiovascular risk indicators and knowledge. Findings showed a significant reduction in BMI (mean change = -0.56 kg/m², 95% CI: -0.83 to -0.29, p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.47) and waist circumference (mean change = -0.91 cm, 95% CI: -1.80 to -0.02, p = 0.044, Cohen’s d = 0.28), along with a significant improvement in cardiovascular knowledge scores (mean change = +9.00, 95% CI: +3.44 to +14.56, p = 0.002, Cohen’s d = 0.68). Additionally, PHQ-9 screening showed that 76.9% of participants reported minimal depressive symptoms at the time of assessment. Statistical analyses indicated the effectiveness of the intervention in improving physical and knowledge-related health outcomes.

Conclusion: This study contributes to the understanding of health promotion in low-resource rural settings by demonstrating the effectiveness of cadre-led interventions for cardiovascular contexts and the feasibility of integrating mental health screening into community programs. Future studies should explore long-term sustainability and scalability, advancing knowledge in the field of international health.

Implementing TikTok-Based Health Literacy Interventions for Cyberbullying Mitigation among Junior High School Students

Suriah Suriah — 2025-11-04

Introduction: Cyberbullying is one of the crimes based on the advancement of information technology, often perpetrated through social media with the intention of deliberately and repeatedly hurting someone. Cyberbullying is a problem contributing to the increasing incidence of mental disorders among teenagers today, thus requiring specific intervention. This study aims to assess the utilization of TikTok media in preventing cyberbullying among junior high school students.

Method: The study employed a pre-experimental design with the one-group pre-test post-test design. The population consisted of all students of junior high school 21 Makassar totalling 671 individuals, with a sample size of 182 respondents selected using purposive sampling technique. Data were analysed using the Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test.

Result: There was an influence of utilizing TikTok media in preventing cyberbullying among junior high school students in Makassar (p = 0.000).

Conclusion: The study findings indicate that the use of TikTok media was associated with observable positive behavioral shifts among junior high school students, suggesting its potential utility in health literation initiatives aimed at preventing cyberbullying.

Psychometric Evaluation of the EQ-5D-5L in Indonesia Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Annisa Setiyaningrum — 2025-11-04

Introduction: Diabetes is a chronic disease affecting a significant portion of Indonesians populations with a substantial impact on the quality of life. Despite its widespread usage, the EQ-5D-5L remains a generic measure that may fail to capture condition-specific characteristics such as self-care obstacles, social support, psychological burdens, and complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. These constraints emphasize the theoretical gap and the need for a personalized remedy.

Methods: This study used a cross-sectional approach and was conducted at six community health centers (Puskesmas) in Yogyakarta City between October 2024 and February 2025. A total of 400 respondents aged 19-59 years who consented to participate were included in the study. Content validity testing was conducted by expert panel, who provided feedbacks on the relevance of the items, revisions prior to pilot testing of the instrument. Face validity was evaluated with 40 respondents. Model fit and construct validity were analyzed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA).

Results: The Cronbach’s Alpha value for internal concistency reliability was 0.86. The majority of respondents were female (64.75%), had a moderate level of education (67.50%), and belonged to the low income bracket (61.75%). Hypertension was the most commonly reported complication (26.75%). Respondents’ quality of life was categorized as fairly good. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed that the social support dimension did not meet the validity threshold. After its removal, the five dimensional model—mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression showed satisfactory construct validity and reliability, with standardized loadings ranging. The Comparative Fit Index (CFI) was 0.923, while the Tucker-Lewis Index reached 0.885, RMSEA (0.125), and SRMR (0.069) suggesting a model fit that approaches, but does not fully meet, ideal thresholds.

Conclusion: The instrument exhibits acceptable reliability and preliminary validity consistent with the theoretical construct. However, revision of the social support items and further validation in broader populations are necessary before wider application.

Environmental Exposures, Clinical Allergy Symptoms, and Serum IgE in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study from Makassar, Indonesia

Andi Khairul Anaam — 2025-11-04

Introduction: The global prevalence of allergic diseases has increased significantly, particularly among young adults. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) plays a central role in the pathophysiology of allergic responses and is considered a crucial biomarker in evaluating allergic sensitivity. However, the influence of environmental exposures and clinical complaints on serum IgE levels in adult populations remains understudied, especially in tropical developing countries.

Methods: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between environmental factors and clinical complaints with serum IgE levels in a population of healthy young adults in Makassar, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 80 healthy adults aged 18–40 years. Environmental exposures and clinical symptoms were analyzed against serum IgE levels. Non-parametric tests (Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis) showed no significant associations. However, in the multivariate regression model, humidity was the only environmental factor significantly associated with serum IgE concentration.

Results: The mean serum IgE level among participants was 176.8 IU/mL (SD ±196.9), with a wide distribution. No statistically significant associations were found between serum IgE levels and clinical complaints such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis (p > 0.05). Similarly, environmental exposures including cigarette smoke, dust, pet dander, and poor ventilation were not significantly related to IgE levels. Notably, high environmental humidity was negatively associated with serum IgE levels (p = 0.047). Most environmental factors and clinical complaints assessed in this study were not significantly associated with serum IgE concentrations in healthy young adults.

Conclusion: The observed inverse association with high humidity suggests a potential modulatory role that warrants further investigation. Future longitudinal studies with larger samples are recommended to confirm these findings and provide stronger evidence to inform public health strategies in allergy prevention.

Mental Health Promotion Model: Mixed-Method Study of Adverse Childhood Experience and Neurovegetative in Early Adulthood

Tarmizi Thalib — 2025-11-04

Introduction: In this study, we aim to analyze the relationship between mental health, adverse childhood experiences, and neurovegetative factors in early adulthood. The findings created a mental health promotion model that considers aspects of digital media use and direct psychological approaches.

Methods: The study used a mixed-method approach with an explanatory sequential design. Quantitative participant data were collected using non-probability sampling from 460 individuals (male = 85; female = 375; mean age: 18–20 years), while qualitative data were collected from 20 informants (4 = HIMPSI, 9 = Academician, 7 = General). The instruments used were the MHI-38, ACE Scale, NCQ, interview guide, and FGD. Quantitative data analysis was conducted using path analysis with SmartPLS 4.0 software. In contrast, qualitative data analysis involves reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions. This data influenced the design of the mental health promotion model.

Results: The results of this study found that adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and neurovegetative factors influence mental health in early adulthood (P = 0.001), with ACE (P = 0.009) and neurovegetative factors (P = 0.000), with ACE also specifically acting as a predictor for neurovegetative factors (P = 0.00). These results prompted the development of a mental health model within the context of the three variables, considering key challenges, effective strategies, reaching vulnerable groups, and model recommendations by experts. The final model consists of a digital scheme and a direct approach model, incorporating interventions such as infographics, videos, psychoeducation, community development, and VR-CBT.

Conclusion: This study describes the urgency of mental health stability by considering ACE and neurovegetative as predictors. The data contribute to the development of a mental health promotion model in early adulthood. Implementation of the model in various settings is recommended.

The Impact of LATCH Score-Based Education on Latch Accuracy in Primigravida Mothers

Heni Setyowati — 2025-11-04

Introduction: Improper infant positioning and attachment during breastfeeding is a common problem among mothers, mainly due to a lack of knowledge about breastfeeding techniques. This lack of understanding regarding correct breastfeeding technique contributes to nipple fissures and breast engorgement, ultimately impacting infant nutrition. This study aimed to assess how LATCH-based education method influences the proper latching of breastfeeding mothers in Magelang City

Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental pre-post design conducted in Magelang City. The participants were breastfeeding mothers who were doing it for the first time. A total of 44 participants were enrolled as samples through purposive sampling. The tools used included a questionnaire and an evaluation observation sheet to gauge the effectiveness of breastfeeding techniques. The data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test.

Results: The results showed that three respondents had good attachment accuracy (6.8%), 38 mothers had sufficient latch (86.6%), and 3 had inadequate latch (6.8%). After receiving education, 32 respondents (72.7%) had a good latch, while 12 respondents (27.3%) had a sufficient latch. Respondents who achieved LATCH-Score indicators increased, including LATCH-on, audible swallowing comfort, and hold with a total increase of respondents of 5 (12%), 24 (76%), 20 (46%), and 15 (34%), respectively. There was a significant relationship between latch accuracy before and after being given education about breastfeeding techniques in primigravida breastfeeding mothers in the Magelang City area (P value= 0.000).

Conclusion: Latch score-based breastfeeding education on breastfeeding techniques affects how well new mothers attach their infants during breastfeeding. It is potentially used to support successful breastfeeding.

Utilizing Maternal Height as a Predictor for Childhood Stunting Prevention: A Health Promotion Strategy Rooted in Early Risk Identification

Nur Alam Fajar — 2025-11-04

Introduction: In this study, we aimed to examine the potential of maternal height assessment as a cornerstone of stunting prevention strategies within health promotion frameworks.

Methods: This case-control study was conducted from April to December 2024 across 15 stunting locus villages in Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatera, Indonesia. Toddlers aged 6–59 months were selected through stratified random sampling, with stunting defined as height-for-age Z-score < -2 SD based on WHO 2006 standards. Cases and controls were matched by age, sex, and residence. Data were collected through interviews with mothers and anthropometric measurements. Children with chronic illness or incomplete records were excluded. Data analysis used STATA 15.0 with p < 0.05. Ethical approval was granted by Universitas Sriwijaya, and written informed consent was obtained from all participants.

Results: Maternal height was significantly associated with stunting (p < 0.001), with shorter average height in mothers of stunted children. Discriminant analysis supported this finding (canonical correlation = 0.254, p < 0.001). Although not statistically significant, a trend toward stunting was observed, which may reflect underlying epidemiological patterns consistent with the multifactorial nature of growth faltering in early childhood. Such exploratory findings highlight potential pathways that warrant further investigation within a life-course and social determinants of health framework. Environmental factors such as water access and sanitation showed no significant associations.

Conclusion: In conclusion, maternal height is a significant and practical discriminant of childhood stunting. Integrating height screening into maternal care may enhance early risk identification. Future research should validate these findings across populations and explore additional biological, environmental, and behavioral factors influencing stunting outcomes.

Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique and Lavender Aromatherapy in Hypertensive Elderly: A Quasy-Experimental Study

Ni Luh Putu Dian Yunita Sari — 2025-11-08

Introduction: Hypertensive elderly are one of the vulnerable groups because they have the potential to experience catastrophic disease complications and even death. Efforts to control blood pressure and pain perception in elderly hypertension require a drug companion approach. The purpose of this study was to determine the combination of Spiritual Emotion Freedom Technique (SEFT) and lavender aromatherapy on blood pressure and pain scale of hypertensive elderly.

Methods: A quasi-experimental design with control group pre post-test was used in this study. The population in this study were all elderly people with hypertension who visited the Geriatric Poly of Mangusada General Hospital, which were then selected using purposive sampling technique. The sample size obtained after calculation using a two-group unpaired approach was 70 people. A calibrated sphygmomanometer was used to measure blood pressure, while the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) was used to measure the pain scale. The analysis test used in paired data is Wilcoxon sign rank and in unpaired data is Mann-Whitney because it is not normally distributed. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee for Health Research at Mangusada General Hospital, Badung Regency, Bali (Approval Number: 070/6857/RSDM/2024). All respondents provided informed consent before participating in the study.

Results: There is a significant difference between the intervention group and the control group on systolic (mean difference = 9,914), diastolic (mean difference = 3,714), and the pain scale (mean difference = 1,057) of hypertensive elderly before and after the intervention. So, there is an effect of the combination of Spiritual Emotion Freedom Technique (SEFT) and lavender aromatherapy on blood pressure and pain scale of hypertensive elderly.

Conclusion:These results can be used as a reference in providing interventions for hypertensive elderly to control blood pressure and reduce pain scale.

Between Stigma and Survival: The Role of Digital Backstage and Selective Disclosure in MSM Health Navigation in Palu, Indonesia

Fitri Sulistiyani — 2025-11-11

Introduction: In this study, we aimed to explore how Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in post-disaster Palu, Indonesia, manage their sexual identities under religious conservatism, patriarchal norms, and heightened moral surveillance following the 2018 earthquake. Within this religiously conservative and disaster-affected context, our objective was to understand how MSM employ impression-management strategies to navigate visibility, stigma, and safety, and to analyze their implications for mental health, healthcare-seeking behavior, and overall well-being. This study addresses gaps in the literature by situating MSM experiences within Indonesia’s sociocultural and religious frameworks, thereby contributing to regional and cross-cultural analyses of LGBTQ+ identity negotiation in Southeast Asia.

Methods: This qualitative phenomenological study employed in-depth interviews, photo-elicitation, and digital ethnographic observation over six months in Palu. A total of twenty-five MSM participants aged 18–40 were purposively recruited to ensure diversity of experience and social background. Sampling continued until thematic saturation was reached, meaning no new themes emerged during ongoing analysis. Data collection included semi-structured interviews and analysis of interactions on online platforms (e.g., Telegram, BlueD, and Instagram). Visual materials contributed to the coding framework by illustrating non-verbal expressions of impression management, later integrated into thematic synthesis. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu, following the British Psychological Society (BPS) and American Anthropological Association (AAA) ethical codes. Participants provided verbal and written informed consent, and all identifying details were anonymized.

Results: The primary outcome of the study was an understanding of how MSM in Palu adaptively navigate identity, stigma, and safety through impression management. Key findings revealed that MSM maintain dual personas—performing heteronormativity in public (front-stage) while expressing their authentic identities within digital backstage spaces. Selective disclosure of sexual orientation was governed by contextual trust, relational safety, and fear of institutional stigma. Digital platforms functioned as crucial psychosocial and health-navigation spaces, enabling solidarity and access to information. However, overreliance on digital interactions sometimes intensified isolation and reproduced inequalities linked to digital literacy and class. While these adaptive strategies ensure survival under moral surveillance, they inadvertently reinforce structural stigma by normalizing concealment and restricting public visibility.

Conclusion: In conclusion, this study contributes to understanding how Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in Palu construct survival and well-being through impression management under conditions of religious-patriarchal stigma and disaster-induced moral tightening. It illustrates that dual personas, selective disclosure, and digital backstage practices function both as protection and as mechanisms that perpetuate invisibility. These findings inform the design of culturally sensitive, confidentiality-centered health interventions, emphasizing peer navigation, digital outreach, and faith-inclusive stigma reduction. Future studies should investigate the long-term mental health impacts of sustained concealment and digital dependency, advancing inclusive policies and provider training across Indonesia’s public health systems and the broader Southeast Asian region.