Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia (MPPKI)

Exposure to Internet Pornography: A Cross-sectional Study among Primary School-aged Children in Java

Ratih Indraswari — 2025-03-06

Introduction: In today's times, generation Z has extraordinary skills in finding information. This generation is very good at using gadgets to learn, play, and even earn their own income. Pornographic content often appears accidentally and begins to be known by children. Curiosity is often the reason teenagers access pornography and then end up with the practice of premarital sexual intercourse. This study aims to understand how primary school-age children behave in accessing pornographic content.

Methods: This cross-sectional study sampled 63 students in fifth grade at a public primary school, using by total population sampling technique. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire technique. The data obtained were then analyzed using univariate analysis and linear regression.

Results: Most respondents in this study were 11-year-olds (82.5%), comprising 41.3% boys and 58.7% girls, and not experienced puberty yet (60.3%). Of 39.7% have been accessing porn through handphone (41.3%) and laptop (1.6%). As many as 3.2% of children have accessed pornography since the age of < 7 years. About 17.5% of pornographic content accessed is in real motion. The content accessed is mostly pictures of naked people and kissing scenes. As many as 19% of children admitted to accessing pornography accidentally and immediately closed the access.

Conclusion: The health department of Family Health and School Health needs to partner with parents to improve supervision and communication between parents and children. Providing healthy living skills training for children needs to be embedded into the educational curriculum so that skills can be carried out routinely and continuously.

Workplace Nutrition Interventions: A Systematic Review of Their Effectiveness

Risti Rosmiati — 2025-03-06

Introduction: Workplace nutrition interventions have emerged as a pivotal strategy for enhancing employee health by addressing dietary behaviors and reducing the risk of non-communicable diseases. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of workplace-based nutrition interventions in improving nutritional outcomes and health indicators among employees.

Methods: Using the PRISMA framework, a comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2020 and 2024. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental designs targeting workplace-based nutrition interventions. A total of 10 studies met the inclusion criteria and were systematically analyzed for outcomes related to dietary behavior, physical activity, and health indicators. Risk of bias assessments were performed to ensure the validity of findings.

Results: The findings revealed that dietary interventions, particularly those emphasizing adherence to structured diets like the Mediterranean diet, consistently led to significant improvements in health markers, including reductions in LDL cholesterol and body fat percentage. Interventions combining dietary modifications with physical activity yielded comprehensive benefits, such as weight loss and improved dietary adherence. However, variability in study designs, sample sizes, and contextual factors limited the generalizability of results. Many studies lacked follow-up data to assess the long-term sustainability of health outcomes.

Conclusion: Workplace nutrition interventions promote employee health, especially when combining dietary and physical activity components. However, challenges such as methodological heterogeneity, short-term focus, and limited exploration of demographic and contextual factors must be addressed. Future research should prioritize standardized methodologies, conduct longitudinal assessments, and implement tailored interventions that consider workforce diversity and workplace culture. These findings provide actionable insights for policymakers and employers seeking to design sustainable workplace health initiatives that enhance employee well-being and organizational productivity.

Measuring the Mayor's Political Commitment and Opportunities for Developing Tuberculosis Elimination Policies in Makassar City

Andi surahman Batara — 2025-03-06

ntroduction: Tuberculosis is globally one of the ten biggest causes of death in the world, around 10.6 million new cases and 1.3 million deaths in 2022. Indonesia ranks second in the world in the list of countries with a high tuberculosis burden. There are 19,071 cases of tuberculosis sufferers in South Sulawesi. Makassar City ranks first, namely 9,157 cases of tuberculosis found throughout 2023. The purpose of the study was to emphasize its dual focus on assessing political commitment and policy opportunities.

Method: The research design used is quasi-qualitative research and the Mayor of Makassar is the key informant. The data collection technique uses the PCOM-RAT (Political Commitment and Opportunity Measurement-Rapid Assessment Test) survey questionnaire and is continued with in-depth interviews with informants.

Result: Measurement of political commitment using the PCOM-RAT questionnaire is divided into three parts, namely verbal commitment, institutional commitment, and budget commitment. The assessment score for the political commitment of the Mayor of Makassar shows good political commitment, with a total political commitment score of 18. Opportunities for developing TB policies can be understood based on three streams, namely problem stream, policy stream, and political stream. The overall assessment score shows that Makassar City has had a high opportunity for developing TB policies, with a total score of 29.

Conclusion: The Mayor of Makassar has a high political commitment in the TB elimination policy in Makassar City. High political commitment from a Regional Head is an opportunity for the success of implementing a program. Political commitment is the desire to act and continue to act until the job is done. A leader who has a high political commitment to tuberculosis will resolve the tuberculosis problem until it is finished. Furthermore, the opportunity to develop a TB elimination policy in Makassar City is also high. The TB elimination policy can be developed by paying attention to increasing the capacity of health workers in case finding, improving the quality of TB screening and diagnosis, improving the treatment monitoring system, encouraging community participation by strengthening collaboration between stakeholders, and also encouraging research to improve TB control capabilities.

Exploration of Mother’s Perception of Toddlers About Stunting: Qualitative Study

Filia Sofiani Ikasari — 2025-03-06

Introduction: Stunting is a significant health issue in Southeast Asia, commonly resulting from chronic malnutrition. Mothers play a crucial role in their children’s growth, development, and stunting prevention. Perceptions shape maternal attitudes and behaviors, influencing care for toddlers. This study aims to explore mothers’ perceptions of stunting in the Martapura 1 Health Center work area

Methods: A qualitative study with a descriptive phenomenological approach was conducted. Sixteen mothers of stunted toddlers were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and audio recordings. Ethical approval was obtained from the Health Research Ethics Commission of the Stikes Intan Martapura.

Results: Five themes emerged regarding mothers' perceptions of stunting: Definition of Stunting: Mothers associated stunting with genetic conditions, malnutrition, underweight, short stature, stunted growth and small body size; Causes of Stunting: Perceptions included many factors, malnutrition, cultural beliefs like "buyu" (a local term), and adequate food intake; Symptoms of Stunting: Mothers identified underweight, short stature, delayed development, small body size, and frequent illness; Prevention of Stunting: Properly fed, regular meal schedules, milk provision, attending posyandu (community health services), and provide vitamins; Handling of Stunting: Mothers mentioned consulting healthcare providers, providing nutritious food, improving dietary patterns, providing vitamins, and ensuring adequate sleep.

Conclusion: The study provides insights into maternal perceptions of stunting, covering definitions, causes, symptoms, prevention, and management. The study highlights the influence of sociocultural beliefs on maternal perceptions of stunting, which may contribute to misunderstandings and ineffective prevention strategies. Findings emphasize the need for culturally tailored health education to correct misconceptions and promote evidence-based stunting prevention practices. Strengthening community engagement and healthcare interventions is crucial for enhancing maternal awareness and ensuring the successful implementation of stunting prevention programs. Future research should explore broader populations to capture diverse sociocultural perspectives and their impact on child health.

Addressing Public Health Challenges of Hajj Pilgrims: A Comprehensive Narrative Review

Hermawan Saputra — 2025-03-06

Introduction: The Hajj pilgrimage is a pillar of Islam that must be carried out by every able-bodied Muslim. However, millions of pilgrims who gather each year face complex health challenges, including advanced age, comorbidities, and extreme environmental conditions. This study aims to identify the health risks of hajj pilgrims and the challenges in efforts to improve pilgrim health.

Methods: The research method used is a narrative review, collecting related literature from various sources. The results of the study indicate that hajj pilgrim mortality is still high, mainly caused by cardiovascular disease, respiratory disorders, and heat stroke.

Results: The mortality rate among Hajj pilgrims ranges from 1-3 per 1,000 per season, with 461 deaths recorded in 2024. Cardiovascular diseases (70%), respiratory infections, and heat stroke are the leading causes. Risk factors include advanced age, diabetes, hypertension, and extreme temperatures. Pilgrims' low compliance with vaccinations, especially meningitis and influenza, increases the risk of disease outbreaks. The crowded environment facilitates respiratory disease transmission, while limited access to healthcare and language barriers further complicate medical response. Health outreach, vaccination programs, international collaboration, and telemedicine are strategic measures that can help reduce mortality rates among Hajj pilgrims by improving health awareness, managing chronic conditions, and ensuring timely medical care.

Conclusion: In conclusion, more comprehensive health interventions and are needed to reduce morbidity and mortality among hajj pilgrims.

Prevention Strategies of Prehypertension among Adolescents in Developing Countries: A Scoping Review

Annisa Novanda Maharani Utami — 2025-03-06

Introduction: Adolescents in developing countries face a significant risk of prehypertension, with prevalence rates varying across different regions. In Indonesia, 16.8% of adolescents aged 15-19 have prehypertension. Several factors contribute to prehypertension in adolescents, including lifestyle choices, genetics, and environmental factors. Preventing prehypertension in adolescents is crucial for promoting their overall health and reducing the risk of future cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to determine the prevention strategies to reduce prehypertension among adolescents in developing countries.

Methods: This scoping review followed PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Articles were retrieved from PubMed, Science Direct, and ProQuest using predefined keywords. The search, conducted between March and June 2024, focused on studies published in the last five years (2019–2024).

Results: The search yielded 2,425 articles (712 from PubMed, 1,597 from Science Direct, and 116 from ProQuest). After screening and eligibility assessment, 10 relevant studies were selected. These studies identified key prevention strategies, including health education, dietary modifications (DASH diet), physical activity, and stress management.

Conclusion: A multifaceted approach is crucial for preventing prehypertension among adolescents. School-based interventions are the most evidence-based and feasible in resource-limited settings, offering broad coverage and lower costs. Clinicians should support blood pressure screening and nutrition education, while educators should integrate health topics into curricula and encourage physical activity. Policymakers should expand school-based health programs and support further research. Community-based programs are also essential for reaching out-of-school adolescents, making both approaches complementary in prehypertension prevention.

Spatial Analysis of Stunting Prevalence According to Family Data Collection Indicators in Indonesia

Yuli Puspita Devi — 2025-03-06

Introduction: Stunting is malnutrition in children that reduces productivity and susceptibility to degenerative diseases. In 2021, West Java Province recorded the highest stunting prevalence on Java Island. We analyzed the distribution and risk factors for the prevalence of stunting in the West Java Province by considering spatial effects.

Methods: This study was ecologically designed using a spatial approach. Data were obtained from Studi Status Gizi Indonesia/Indonesian Nutritional Status Study and Pendataan Keluarga/Family Data Collection, which will be released in 2021 especially in West Java. Data analysis was conducted using a spatial error model (SEM) in GeoDa, and stunting prevalence mapping was performed using QGIS (Quantum geographic information system) 2.1.8 version.

Results: No spatial correlation was identified for stunting prevalence in West Java Province in 2021. However, a spatial correlation was observed in the residual value of the determinants of stunting prevalence. SEM analysis showed that the proportion of low-income families, inadequate drinking water sources, unmet needs, inactive Bina Keluarga Balita/Toddler Family Development, unwanted pregnancies, family planning, and limited access to internet-based information had a significant effect on stunting prevalence.

Conclusion: This study provides suggestions for increased focus on addressing environmental problems in rural areas and overcoming poverty in all districts/cities in West Java Province which was the province with the highest number of population.

Emotional Burnout and Mental Health Predictors Among Female Preschool Teachers

Ekawati Ekawati — 2025-03-06

Introduction: Preschool teacher profession with the work demands of preschool female teachers with diverse characters is a challenge and a source of pressure that can lead to poor mental health and job burnout. This study was conducted to analyse factors associated with mental health and subjective job burnout.

Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 37 female early childhood teachers in Semarang. Data were collected using a structured Google Form-based questionnaire containing questions regarding work capacity, such as age, weight, height, tenure, and marital status and analysed with descriptive statistics and chi-square test.

Results: Most preschool female teachers experienced mental health 59.5% and subjective job burnout 37.8%. The results of the relationship test explained that there was a relationship between tenure and mental health (p=0.013).

Conclusion: We showed that tenure of preschool female teachers is significantly associated with mental health. The provision of mental health management and fatigue prevention education are needed for both new and experienced teachers.

Enhancing Infant Immunization Rates: Determinants of Complete Routine Vaccination in an Urban Indonesian Primary Health Center

Lutfi Agus Salim — 2025-03-21

Introduction: Infant immunization is crucial in reducing mortality and morbidity, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to promote health and well-being. In Indonesia, routine immunization for infants aged 0-12 months includes essential vaccines and newer antigens like PCV and Rotavirus. Maternal beliefs significantly influence immunization completion. This study examines factors affecting mothers' decisions regarding complete immunization in the Banyu Urip Health Center area using the Health Belief Model.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 86 mothers with infants aged 12-24 months to assess immunization completeness during their first year. The study analyzed the relationship between maternal perceptions, such as susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, self-efficacy, and cues to action and immunization behavior.

Results: Findings showed a moderate relationship between perceived susceptibility, severity, barriers, and cues to action with immunization behavior. A strong correlation was observed between perceived benefits, self-efficacy, and participation in complete immunization. Mothers with higher risk perception, awareness of severity, strong belief in benefits, and self-efficacy, along with strong cues to action and fewer barriers, were more likely to ensure full immunization for their infants.

Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of strengthening awareness and reducing barriers to improve immunization rates. Enhancing maternal self-efficacy and addressing perceived obstacles can increase full immunization coverage, ensuring better health outcomes for infants.