Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia (MPPKI)

User-Centered Feature Requirements in Wearable Digital Health to Support Self-Care Among Stroke Survivors

2025-10-04T11:21:25+07:00

Introduction: Stroke is a major cause of death and disability in Indonesia, leaving many survivors with long-term self-care challenges. Wearable technologies using digital health technology offer potential support. However, the adoption of technology is hindered by usability, accessibility, and cultural barriers. This study explores user-driven feature requirements to inform inclusive and effective digital self-care solutions for stroke survivors

Methods: This explorative qualitative study with a phenomenological approach involved in-depth interviews with 19 stroke survivors conducted between May and August 2024 in Yogyakarta and Bandung. Participants were selected using purposive and snowball sampling and analyzed using thematic analysis. Ethical approval was obtained from the Universitas Aisyiyah Yogyakarta Ethics Committee (No. 3832/KEP-UNISA/VII/2024), and all participants provided informed consent.

Results: A total of 19 stroke survivors (mostly male and aged 45–60) participated in this study, with the majority having lived with stroke for over five years. Two overarching themes emerged. The first, Managing Health and Daily Life, reflected the need for features that assist stroke survivor to navigate their self-care practices. The second, Navigating Technology with Limitations, highlighted emotional and socio-cultural barriers that hinder technology adoption and sustained use among stroke survivors. These findings suggest that effective wearable solutions must integrate practical health management functions with user-centered design, addressing cognitive, emotional, and contextual barriers to long-term use, with implications for inclusive design guidelines and grassroots-based technology policies.

Conclusion: This study gives an understanding of user-centered perspectives in digital health technology by highlighting the practical and emotional aspects of technology use. Future research should incorporate caregiver and healthcare provider perspectives and evaluate prototypes in real-world settings to strengthen inclusive innovation and sustainable adoption.

Effectiveness of a Family Empowerment Module in Reducing Blood Pressure among Elderly with Hypertension: A Community-Based Quasi-Experimental

2025-10-04T11:21:21+07:00

Introduction: Hypertension is a prevalent chronic condition among the elderly, often leading to cardiovascular complications. Family involvement in care has been identified as a potential strategy to improve hypertension control. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical impact of a family empowerment module on reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure in elderly patients with hypertension.

Methods: A quasi-experimental design with a two-group pretest-posttest procedure was used. The study recruited elderly participant in Indonesia between the ages of 60 and 90 who had been diagnosed with hypertension. Families of participants received a structured family empowerment intervention and provided care for one month. Blood pressure was taken before and after the intervention with a digital sphygmomanometer. With SPSS version 27, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to examine the data. Ethical permission was received from the Health Research Ethics Committee of Universitas Muhammadiyah Gombong

Results: There was a significant reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure following the intervention. The mean systolic pressure decreased with a test statistic of Z = -4.901, p < 0.001, while diastolic pressure showed Z = -4.938, p < 0.001.

Conclusion: The family empowerment module demonstrated significant clinical effectiveness in lowering blood pressure among elderly hypertensive patients. This approach may serve as a valuable strategy in community-based hypertension management.

Evaluating Family Bundle Birthing Care to Improve Self-Efficacy and Reduce Maternal Anxiety During Pregnancy

2025-10-04T11:21:12+07:00

Introduction: Pregnancy-related anxiety can affect both the experience and length of labor. Self-efficacy, defined as an individual’s belief in their ability to perform the behaviors required to achieve desired outcomes, plays a vital role in managing this anxiety. The Family Bundle Birthing Care (FBBC) approach, which actively involves the mother and her family especially the husband is believed to help lower anxiety levels and strengthen the pregnant woman’s self-efficacy. This study aims to assess the effect of the FBBC approach on reducing anxiety and enhancing self-efficacy among pregnant women.

Methods: A quasi-experimental design was employed with intervention and control groups, each consisting of 50 pregnant women. Data was collected using the childbirth education (W-DEQ-A), (W-DEQ-B), childbirth self-efficacy (CBSEI), and birth confidence (BCSQ) questionnaires to assess anxiety and self-efficacy. Data analysis was conducted using the fisher exact test and independent t-tests.

Results: The results indicated that the intervention group had significantly lower average scores on the W-DEQ-A and W-DEQ-B, and higher scores on the CBSEI and BCSQ questionnaires compared to the control group. The differences were statistically significant, with p-values of 0.001, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.01, respectively, suggesting that the family-based antenatal education program was effective in reducing anxiety and enhancing self-efficacy among pregnant women.

Conclusion: The FBBC program proved effective in reducing anxiety and enhancing self-efficacy in pregnant women. This approach could serve as an alternative method to improve mental preparedness and psychological support for expectant mothers as they approach labor.

Communicating Smoke-Free Messages to Children and Women in Rural and Urban Indonesia

2025-10-04T11:21:16+07:00

Introduction: The increase in cigarette production use in Indonesia has contributed to the rise of non-communicable diseases, affecting both active and passive smokers. Based on the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey around 70 million people in Indonesia smoke actively, with 7.4% of them being between the ages of 10 and 18 years old. Effective tobacco control and public education communications are essential to protect vulnerable populations from the dangers of passive smoking.

Objective: To increase awareness among active smokers, this study analyzed communication messages about the impact of smoking on children and women regarding communication messages as tobacco-free education.

Method: This qualitative study employed Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) involving active smokers from rural and urban areas in Indonesia. Participants were recruited from urban university students living in Surabaya and rural areas of Banyuwangi through online brochures distributed at multiple universities in each region. Eligible participants were both female and male active smokers who had been smoking for the last 3 years, consumed more than five conventional cigarettes, and had used electronic cigarettes more than five times. The study included two discussion groups, each with six participants. Data analysis was using thematic analysis.

Result: Six types of media communications were conducted for each child and woman. The respondents in rural East Java equally favored messages A and C. Regarding the children communication in Urban East Java, most participants preferred message C, whereas one selected message B. Regarding the women’s communication, most urban participants chose message C, with two selecting message C and one choosing message B. Most participants acknowledged the adverse health impacts of cigarette smoking on passive smokers. Both rural and urban participants selected communication messages on children’s and women’s mortality data as impactful for tobacco-free education for active smokers.

Conclusion: Communication messages focusing on children and women can effectively influence the perceptions and emotions of active smokers as tobacco-free education. Media development is needed to convey educational messages that inform both active and passive smokers, encouraging awareness and behavior change.

Sociodemographic Determinants of Women’s Empowerment During Pregnancy: A Cross-sectional Study in Indonesia

2025-10-04T11:21:18+07:00

Introduction: Women’s empowerment related to pregnancy plays an important role in enhancing maternal and infant health, during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. However, the determinants of women’s empowerment in the context of pregnancy are still not fully understood, particularly in middle-income countries. This study aimed to determine the level of women’s empowerment related to pregnancy and identify its associations with sociodemographic characteristics.

Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design involving pregnant women who underwent antenatal care at various health facilities in Malang, Indonesia. The Pregnancy Empowerment Scale (PRES) questionnaire has been used to measure the level of empowerment of women to control their health during pregnancy, which consists of four subscales: Provider Connectedness, Skillful Decision-Making, Peer Connectedness, and Getting Voice. This questionnaire has been distributed to 413 pregnant women. Sociodemographic characteristics assessed included age, gestational age, parity, pregnancy risk factors, household income, and average distance to antenatal care centers. The data were analysed using multiple linear regression analysis to determine the relationship between the factors and the level of empowerment.

Results: The results of this study indicate that the majority (95.6%) of pregnant women have high women’s empowerment, while the average distance from the antenatal care centre is the only significant and positive sociodemographic factor influencing women’s empowerment related to pregnancy. However, the overall contribution of sociodemographic variables to this empowerment is relatively small. The regression model shows R² = 0.041, allowing for unmeasured psychosocial or cultural factors that could play a role.

Conclusion: Sociodemographic factors play an important role in women’s empowerment related to pregnancy. To enhance empowerment, community-based approaches that consider access to health services and improvement of family economic welfare should be considered.

Reducing Adolescent Anxiety Using a Spiritually Integrated Mobile Health Intervention: A Quasi-Experimental Study

2025-10-04T11:21:09+07:00

Introduction: Anxiety is a prevalent psychological issue among adolescents, which, if not properly managed, can negatively impact their mental well-being. This study aims to assess the impact of the Go-Soul application on adolescent anxiety levels, providing an alternative intervention that incorporates spirituality.

Methods: A quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group design was conducted. The study involved 50 participants from SMP Muhammadiyah Kasihan, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta. Participants were assigned to either an intervention group using the Go-Soul application or a control group without intervention. The Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (T-MAS) was used to measure anxiety levels before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test.

Results: Pre-test results indicated that 68% of participants in the intervention group and 64% in the control group exhibited high anxiety levels. After the intervention, 56% of the intervention group displayed moderate anxiety, demonstrating a significant reduction (p = 0.014), whereas the control group showed no significant change (p = 0.564).

Conclusion: The Go-Soul application effectively reduces adolescent anxiety levels. Spiritual interventions delivered through digital platforms can serve as a promising strategy to improve adolescent mental health. More broadly, the integration of culturally grounded elements—such as Qur’anic recitation in this context—demonstrates how digital mental health tools can be tailored to align with local values, beliefs, and practices. Such culturally sensitive approaches not only enhance user engagement and acceptability but also expand the relevance and impact of digital health innovations in diverse populations.

Sexual Behavior and Rights in Indonesian Prisons: A Qualitative Study Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior

2025-10-04T11:21:24+07:00

ntroduction: This study aimed to explore the policies and institutional factors influencing the fulfillment of prisoners’ sexual needs in Indonesia, particularly within the context of correctional health. With overcrowding in Indonesian prisons reaching as high as 370%, such as in the Class IIA Jember Penitentiary, and the lack of clear regulations addressing sexual rights, the objective was to examine behavioral drivers and systemic gaps using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) framework to address unmet needs and prevent deviant sexual behavior. The TPB guided a deductive thematic analysis. Attitudes were operationalized as participants’ beliefs about outcomes, subjective norms as perceived social approval or pressure, and perceived behavioral control as perceived capacity/resources to enact or resist sexual behavior.

Methods: This exploratory qualitative study was conducted at the Class IIA Jember Correctional Facility in 2022. A total of 15 informants were recruited using a snowball sampling technique, including the Head of the Correctional Facility, prison officers, health workers, and inmates. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed thematically with deductive approach. Transcripts underwent verbatim transcription, TPB-focused line-by-line coding, coding matrices, and credibility checks (independent double-coding and member validation).Ethical approval was obtained from 173/KEPK/FKM-UNEJ/IV/2022 and both verbal and written informed consent were secured from all participants.

Results: The primary findings indicated that subjective norms and perceived behavioral control significantly influenced prisoners' intentions to engage in risky sexual behavior. Contributing factors included ambiguous regulations on sexual health education and inmate guidance, the suboptimal implementation of assimilation and reintegration policies, and the absence of a formal conjugal visit program. These regulatory shortcomings may increase the risk of sexually transmitted disease transmission within the prison environment.

Conclusion: This study contributes to the understanding of sexual health policy implementation within Indonesian correctional institutions by identifying key regulatory and systemic deficiencies. It offers critical insights into how institutional support, or its absence, influences inmates’ health-related behaviors. Future research should focus on developing and implementing policies that safeguard prisoners’ sexual health rights, thereby advancing knowledge in the fields of correctional health and human rights.

Prevalence of Low Birth Weight and Gestational Maturity Associated with Trichomonas vaginalis Infection in Pregnant Women

2025-10-04T11:21:22+07:00

Introduction: Trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted protozoan known to contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes, including low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth. In Indonesia, where routine screening for this infection is limited, the relationship between T. vaginalis and neonatal health outcomes remains inadequately explored.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the correlation between PCR-confirmed T. vaginalis infection and neonatal outcomes, particularly birth weight and gestational maturity, among pregnant women presenting with pathological vaginal discharge.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 167 pregnant women attending antenatal care. Sociodemographic and clinical data were recorded. Vaginal swabs were collected and analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect T. vaginalis. Neonatal outcomes, including birth weight and gestational age, were assessed post-delivery. Bivariate analysis using Cramér’s V was performed to examine the strength of the association between infection status and outcomes.

Results: Out of 167 participants, 85 (50.9%) tested positive for T. vaginalis. Most infected women were between 20–35 years old (76.5%), from low-income households (55.3%), and had only primary education (71.8%). Among PCR-positive mothers, 20% delivered low-birth-weight infants, compared to 4.9% in the PCR-negative group (Cramér's V = 0.210), indicating a moderate correlation. Preterm births occurred in 16.5% of PCR-positive cases, compared to 9.8% among those who were negative (Cramér's V = 0.082), suggesting a weak association.

Conclusion: T. vaginalis infection during pregnancy is moderately associated with LBW and weakly associated with prematurity. These findings support the need for routine T. vaginalis screening during antenatal care to minimize neonatal complications related to untreated infections; however, given the cross-sectional design, causal inferences cannot be established."

Understanding Emergency Dental Health Literacy Among Indonesian Migrants in Singapore: A Cross?Sectional Survey

2025-10-04T11:21:11+07:00

Introduction: Dental health literacy is crucial in managing emergency dental and oral health issues, especially for Indonesian migrant workers in Singapore who have limited access to healthcare services. The Singapore Department of Statistics reported that as of 2023, there were 1.77 million non-residents in Singapore, a 13.1% rise from the year before. This growth was mostly due to foreign employment in domestic and construction-related industries. Language barriers, economic constraints, and differences in healthcare systems contribute to a low understanding of emergency dental actions. This study aims to analyze this group’s emergency dental health literacy level.

Methods: This study employed a descriptive cross-sectional quantitative design using a survey method on 124 Indonesian migrant workers in Singapore. Data was collected through a Likert-scale-based questionnaire to measure participants' understanding, attitudes, and self-efficacy in handling emergency dental situations. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive analysis, reliability testing, Spearman’s correlation, and the Kruskal-Wallis comparative test. The study has received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences at Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (FKIK UMY), and participants provided informed consent in order to protect participants' rights.

Results: The Cronbach’s Alpha reliability test produced a value of 0.803, indicating good internal consistency. A total of 76.6% of respondents understood emergency dental management steps, while 92% recognized the importance of seeking medical assistance if a toothache persisted for more than two days. However, only 57.3% were aware of safe over-the-counter medications for dental pain relief. Education played a role in improving dental health literacy, but no significant differences were found based on age.

Conclusion: The majority of Indonesian migrant workers in Singapore have a relatively good understanding of emergency dental health literacy; however, improvements are needed in the selection of appropriate medications. This study highlights the need for more effective awareness programs and policy support to enhance access to dental health information, enabling migrant workers to handle emergency dental issues appropriately. Concrete interventions such as increasing emergency dental literacy can be done with mobile dental health outreach, multilingual training programs, and connecting with networks in the migrant community.

Transforming Antenatal Education in the Digital Era: The Impact of a Hybrid Intervention in Pregnant Women’s Behavior

2025-10-04T11:21:19+07:00

Introduction: Antenatal education is essential to reducing maternal mortality. However, limited access and time constraints reduce participation in conventional pregnancy classes. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a hybrid antenatal education model in improving pregnant women's knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding maternal care.

Methods: A quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design was conducted among 60 pregnant women in Magelang, Indonesia, from April to July 2024. Participants were randomly assigned to either a hybrid intervention group or a conventional care group. Data were collected at three time points and analyzed using Paired T-Tests, Independent T-Tests, and GLM-Repeated Measures.

Results: The intervention group showed significant improvements in knowledge, attitudes, and practices (p< .005). The effect size was strongest for knowledge (Partial Eta Squared ?²=0.783). Age was identified as a confounding factor affecting practice (p=0.008).

Conclusion: The hybrid antenatal education model significantly enhances maternal health behaviors, particularly knowledge, and provides a sustainable educational strategy. It is recommended for broader implementation in urban healthcare settings to improve antenatal care engagement and outcomes.

A Cross-Sectoral Coordination in One Health: A Case Study of Anthrax Prevention and Control in Maros, Indonesia

2025-10-04T11:21:28+07:00

Introduction: This study aimed to explore how the One Health (OH) approach was applied in the prevention and control of anthrax in Maros Regency, an anthrax-endemic area of Indonesia with recurrent human and animal cases. With the continued public health threat posed by anthrax as a zoonotic disease, especially in endemic regions, our objective was to assess intersectoral coordination and collaboration efforts to address gaps in disease prevention identified in existing literature.

Methods: This qualitative study involved a case study design conducted across the Maros Regency from February 2022 to June 2022. A total of 29 informants were enrolled, including 17 from the human health sector, five from the animal health sector, and seven from local government, through purposive sampling method. Ethical approval was obtained from the Health Research Ethics Committee of Public Health Faculty, Diponegoro University (Approval Number: 74/EA/KEPK-FKM/2022), and all participants provided informed consent.

Results: The primary outcome of the study was the One Health approach has been applied in the Maros Regency, including sharing information; cross-sectoral meetings; coordination and collaboration.

Conclusion: In conclusion, our study contributes to the understanding of anthrax prevention and control by highlighting the role and implementation of the One Health approach in an anthrax-endemic setting. This research provides insights into the practical benefits of cross-sectoral coordination and shared responsibilities. Future studies should explore strategies to institutionalize One Health mechanisms and evaluate their impact.

How Does Media Literacy Affect Smoking and Vaping Behaviors among Adolescents? A Systematic Literature Review

2025-10-04T11:21:14+07:00

Introduction: Smoking remains a global health problem. In addition to conventional cigarettes, a new type of cigarette has emerged called electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes or vapes). It is known that media exposure greatly influences adolescents' initiation into smoking. Based on this, a concept and intervention called media literacy was developed. This study examines how media literacy is measured or implemented in adolescents' smoking behavior, both conventional and electronic.

Methods: This study is a systematic literature review, and a review protocol based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was used. A literature search using 4 reputable databases, namely Scopus, PubMed, Sage Journal, and Wiley Online Library, yielded 215 article findings. After the screening and review process, 7 eligible articles were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results: From the 7 selected research articles, it was found that media literacy has a positive relationship or influence on adolescent smoking behavior. This is evident from various research findings that show media literacy can increase knowledge and awareness of depictions of encouragement to smoke in the media they see and/or hear. These results were found from research on 4 continents, and no research results from the African and South American continents met the inclusion criteria.

Conclusion: It is shown that media literacy is considered effective in increasing adolescents' knowledge and awareness of how the media tries to persuade them to try smoking, continue smoking, or vape. The results suggest developing learning modules or curricula that introduce and discuss media literacy in schools, either intracurricular, co-curricular, or extracurricular. Suggestions for future research include developing media literacy research tailored to local wisdom conditions and its application to measure or intervene in other risky health behaviors.

Trends in Digital Health Education for Iron Supplementation During Pregnancy (2010-2025): A Bibliometric Study

2025-10-04T11:21:07+07:00

Introduction: Iron deficiency anemia is one of the major health issues that significantly impacts pregnant women, both in developing and developed countries. Interventions through health education, particularly digital-based education, are increasingly being used to improve compliance with iron supplementation. However, little is known about how global research trends on this topic have evolved over time. This study aims to analyze global research trends in scientific literature related to digital health education and mHealth interventions for iron supplementation and anemia prevention in pregnant women. To achieve this, a bibliometric analysis was conducted to map publication growth, collaboration networks, and emerging themes in the field.

Methods: Data retrieval was conducted through the PubMed database using relevant keywords “Iron” AND “Anemia” AND ‘Pregnancy’ AND (“Health education” OR “Mobile health” OR “Digital health”). Articles published between 2010 and 2025 were selected. Bibliometric analysis was conducted using the VOSviewer tool to map keywords, author collaborations, and publication trends.

Results: A total of 78 relevant publications were identified, with a significant increase in the past decade. Ethiopia, the USA, China, Egypt, and Indonesia were among the countries with the highest contributions. Dominant themes included mHealth and app-based approaches. Network mapping revealed major thematic clusters in technology-based interventions, compliance behavior, and pregnancy outcomes.

Conclusion: Research trends indicate growing interest in the use of digital platforms to educate pregnant women about iron supplementation and anemia prevention. This reflects a paradigm shift toward more personalized and technology-based interventions. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness and sustainability of various digital intervention models.