Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia (MPPKI)

Community Based Biofiltration for Hard Water Treatment in Rural Indonesia: A Public Health Oriented Approach

2025-09-11T16:02:15+07:00

Introduction: Clean water accessibility remains a persistent challenge in rural Indonesia, especially in regions with naturally hard groundwater. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a novel dual-media biofiltration system that integrates activated carbon from Schleichera oleosa (Kesambi wood) and rice husk ash two locally abundant materials to address hard water contamination in Lanca Village, South Sulawesi. This synergistic combination represents an innovative, low-cost approach with both environmental and public health benefits in rural water treatment.

Methods: Utilizing a quasi-experimental design, three water samples (n = 3) were tested for levels of CaCO?, Ca²?, Mg²?, and Fe before and after filtration.

Results: The filtration system achieved substantial reductions: total hardness (CaCO?) decreased by 55.78%, calcium by 65.99%, magnesium by 40.40%, and iron by 100%. Although these changes did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05) due to the small sample size, the experimental filter outperformed a palm fiber-based control filter across all parameters.

Conclusion: The study highlights the biofilter’s role not just as a technical solution, but as a promotive health technology leveraging local materials to meet national water standards while enhancing community resilience. The findings underscore its practical applicability in achieving SDG 6.1 and offer a scalable, sustainable solution for decentralized rural water treatment.

Behavioral and Structural Predictors of Adolescents' Attitudes Towards Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) for HIV in East Java, Indonesia

2025-09-11T16:02:23+07:00

Introduction: HIV remains a significant global public health issue, with East Java, Indonesia, contributing 15–20% of the national HIV cases. Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) is a critical strategy for early detection and prevention, yet its uptake among adolescents is influenced by multifaceted factors. This study aimed to identify the determinants of adolescents' attitudes towards VCT for HIV in East Java.

Methods: An observational analytic cross-sectional study was conducted from July to December 2024, involving 329 adolescents aged 18–24 years selected through random sampling. Data were collected via a validated online questionnaire assessing demographic, socio-economic, knowledge, psychosocial, and institutional factors. Binary logistic regression analysis was employed to determine significant predictors of VCT attitudes.

Results: Nine factors were significantly associated with positive attitudes toward VCT: younger age (OR = 0.81), male gender (OR = 2.34), higher parental income (OR = 1.86), higher HIV-related knowledge (OR = 2.18), better VCT knowledge (OR = 1.72), low-risk sexual activity (OR = 1.95), service availability (OR = 2.48), family support (OR = 1.77), and institutional support (OR = 1.63). Conversely, stigma remained a significant barrier (OR = 0.49).

Conclusion: Addressing stigma, enhancing institutional and family support, and improving access to VCT services are crucial for increasing VCT uptake among adolescents. Targeted interventions, including family-based approaches and comprehensive sexual education, are recommended to foster positive attitudes and reduce HIV transmission in East Java.

Implementation of Primary Health Care theory in Stunting Prevention by Social Workers and Health Workers: A Case Study in Malang Regency

2025-09-11T16:02:39+07:00

Introduction: This research aims to analyse the role of social workers and health workers in stunting prevention in Malang Regency, East Java, based on the theory of Primary Health Care (PHC). Data from the Central Bureau of Statistics shows that stunting in East Java Province has a frequency of 23.5 per cent, with 14 cities above the average and 24 cities below the provincial average. Malang District itself is below the average frequency with a percentage of 25.7 per cent. Therefore, Malang District is one of the priorities in stunting prevention.

Methods: This research used a descriptive qualitative approach. The analysis was thematic and the data was interpreted by identifying, analyzing, and reporting patterns or themes that emerged in the data. Informants in this study consisted of social workers from the Family Hope Program (PKH) and social rehabilitation assistants from the Ministry of Social Affairs. Meanwhile, health workers came from the Indonesian Midwives Association (IBI) in Malang Regency and Public Health Centres (Puskesmas) from four subdistricts, namely Sumberpucung, Kromengan, Wonosari, and Ngajum. The total number of informants was 12 people. This research has been approved by the Ethics Secretariat of the National University of Malaysia (UKM) with reference number: JEP-2023-928.

Results: The results of this study indicate that stunting is not only viewed from a health perspective but also from a socio-economic perspective. In line with the Primary Health Care (PHC) theory, the role of social workers focuses on preventive, promotive, and rehabilitative activities that encompass social services and economic empowerment. These activities are carried out by social workers in their roles as educators, facilitators, and social advocates. Meanwhile, healthcare workers carry out curative activities that focus on medical interventions in their role as guides. Collaboration between social workers and healthcare workers is crucial in the process of preventing stunting in Malang Regency to achieve more optimal results.

Conclusion: In the perspective of Primary Health Care (PHC) theory, the role of social workers in stunting prevention in Malang District focuses more on the implementation of promotive, preventive, and rehabilitative roles - while for professions in the health sector focuses more on the role of physical healing or recovery (curative). This has implications for interprofessional collaborative activities in stunting prevention to be more effective and efficient.

Effectiveness of Web-Based “Sipamer” Application and Lecture Method in Increasing Knowledge and Early Detection of Adolescent Mental Health

2025-09-11T16:02:30+07:00

Introduction: Mental illness is a health condition that causes changes in emotions, thoughts and behavior, often affecting teenagers due to psychological and hormonal changes that are not yet stable. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of using web-based applications and lecture methods in improving knowledge and the ability to self-detect mental health disorders in adolescents and first tested in the local Indonesian context.

Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design, namely two groups, namely pre-test-post-test, with purposive sampling involving 120 adolescents. The study was conducted in the Working Area of Putri Ayu Health Center, Jambi City, in two Posyandu Remaja Data collection was carried out from July to October 2024 through observation and filling out questionnaires, with data analyzed using covariance analysis.

Results: Web-based application and lecture method effectively improved mental health knowledge (p<0.05). Both interventions significantly improved adolescents’ mental health self-detection scores in this group; however, the web-based application showed a greater mean increase than the lecture method. This suggests that the web-based sipamer application is more effective in improving adolescents’ mental health knowledge and self-detection skills.The advantages of the Sipamer application lie in its interactive self-screening features and expert system that facilitate early detection, making it a superior solution compared to conventional methods.

Conclusion: Both the web-based application “Sipamer” and the lecture method effectively increase knowledge and self-assessment of adolescent mental health.

Understanding User Acceptance of Electronic Medical Records: A Mixed method Study

2025-09-11T16:02:34+07:00

Introduction: The advancement of information and communication technology has transformed healthcare delivery into digital systems, notably through the use of Electronic Medical Records (EMRs). The implementation of EMR faces challenges, such as limited human resources, technology adaptation, and slow recording processes. This study aims to evaluate users' acceptance of EMRs and to explore the supporting and inhibiting factors affecting their implementation in a private teaching hospital in Yogyakarta.

Methods: A mixed method study with a parallel convergent approach using a cross-sectional (quantitative) and descriptive exploratory (qualitative) design. The quantitative sample was determined by proportionate stratified random sampling. The survey was conducted using a questionnaire based on the Technology Acceptance Model. Qualitative informants were determined purposively and focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were conducted. Quantitative data processing used IBM SPSS version 20 and SmartPLS, while qualitative data processing used thematic analysis, then integrated to obtain a comprehensive understanding.

Results: Perceived usefulness scored very good (85%), perceived ease of use was categorized as good (82%), and behavioral intention to use was also good (84%). Structural modeling showed that perceived usefulness and ease of use significantly influenced behavioral intention (p = 0.000; R² = 0.538). Qualitative findings reinforced these results, highlighting key benefits such as improved data accessibility and work efficiency. However, implementation challenges included system security, ethical concerns, and document legality.

Conclusion: This study offers methodological, contextual, and conceptual novelty by emphasizing a user-driven adoption process of EMRs. Users actively influenced system design and functionality, rather than relying solely on managerial or vendor decisions. Despite challenges, EMRs have reduced administrative burdens, enhanced operational efficiency, and strengthened clinical documentation. Continuous improvement should prioritize usability, legal compliance, and responsive technical support to optimize the benefits of EMR systems.

Reproductive Health Literacy Among Female Adolescents in Banda Aceh: A Descriptive Study

2025-09-11T16:01:37+07:00

Introduction: Reproductive Health Literacy (RHL) has been identified as a key factor in adolescent reproductive health problems because it plays a vital role in promoting overall well-being. However, limited research has been conducted to explore this topic in Indonesia. This study aimed to measure the RHL level of female adolescents in Banda Aceh, Indonesia.

Method: This study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design with 694 respondents from four randomly selected schools. Participants were chosen using a convenience sampling technique based on their willingness to participate. Data was collected through self-reported questionnaires.

Result: The study found that two-thirds of the respondents had adequate RHL level. However, 20.5% had problematic levels of understanding reproductive health information, and 28.1% had an issue applying this information.

Conclusion: While most respondents possessed sufficient RHL, a significant proportion struggled to judge and apply reproductive health information. Therefore, the Health Office of Banda Aceh City should develop health promotion programs to help adolescents improve their ability to assess and make informed decisions related to reproductive health.

Development of Caregiver Empowerment Model in Caring for Mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2025-09-11T16:02:36+07:00

Introduction: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a condition of elevated blood glucose levels during pregnancy, usually around 24 weeks of gestation, and contributes to approximately 3 million stillbirths annually. It increases the maternal mortality risk up to four times and poses long-term health risks. More than 50% of women with GDM are at risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus later in life. This study aims to develop a caregiver empowerment model for supporting mothers with GDM, based on the caregiver empowerment theory with a family-centred nursing approach.

Methods: This model focuses on family caregiver factors and maternal GDM factors, as well as their influence on filial values, resources, appraisal, and caregiver outcomes. This study employs an explanatory design with a cross-sectional approach. The population comprises family caregivers of mothers with GDM who visited six community health centres (Puskesmas) in Tuban Regency. A total of 81 caregivers meeting the inclusion criteria were selected through systematic random sampling. Research variables include family caregiver factors, maternal GDM factors, filial values, resources, appraisal, and caregiver outcomes. Data were collected via questionnaires and analysed using Structural Equation Modelling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) after validity and reliability testing.

Results: The results indicate that family caregiver factors (X1) significantly influence filial values (X3) and caregiver outcomes (Y1), while resources (X4) significantly affect appraisal (X5), with a T-value above 1.96 and a positive coefficient. The finding this model provides a new conceptual and practical contribution to maternal health interventions, particularly in strengthening family-based support systems for GDM management.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the caregiver empowerment model for supporting mothers with GDM demonstrates that family caregiver factors influence filial values and caregiver outcomes, while resources affect appraisal.

Mothers' Perceptions on the Impact of Early Childhood Development and Parenting: A Comparative Study of Screen Time Groups in Indonesia

2025-09-11T16:02:28+07:00

Introduction: The increased use of digital devices during childhood, both in urban and rural areas with high technology access, raises concerns about their impact on child development and health. This calls for evidence-based interventions that consider the balance between the benefits and risks of screen time. However, existing empirical evidence shows inconsistencies in linking screen time duration to sociodemographic factors, parenting practices, and various aspects of child development. This study comparative analyses sociodemographic variables, parenting practices, and maternal perceptions in relation to screen time.'

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 301 mothers of children aged 4-7 years in Bandar Lampung, Indonesia, using purposive sampling. A comparative analysis was conducted between the two groups based on screen time intensity. Ethical approval was obtained from the University Research Ethics Committee. The parenting practice instrument uses ‘Parenting SOS’ from Neshteruk, which has been modified and adapted. The screen time instrument and mothers' perceptions of the impact of child development use questionnaires from Rahmawati and Latifah, adapted and modified from Lauricella and Nikken & Schols. Statistical analyses (t-tests) compared key variables across screen time groups.

Results: Results showed that mothers (p=0.012) and fathers (p=0.020) in the low screen time group were significantly older, with more consistent parenting practices in terms of behavior control (p=0.005), monitoring (p=0.016), and positive modelling (p=0.006). Meanwhile, children in the high screen time group were more frequently exposed to television (p=0.045) and diverse digital content (p=0.012). The low screen time group also tended to have higher child development scores (67.2%) than the high screen time group (63.9%). The low screen time group had better maternal perceptions of the impact of gadgets on child development than the high screen time group (p=0.046).

Conclusion: This study contributes to family systems theory by identifying maternal age and parenting consistency as buffers against excessive screen time, and provides comparative evidence from Indonesia's urban-rural context. Findings support targeted parenting programs and age-appropriate content policies. This study makes a contextual contribution to the global literature through the local Indonesian context while supporting the development of culturally adaptive public health strategies.

Predictive Model Approach to Enhancing Occupational Health Based on Safety Culture and Sustainable Technology in Environmental, Social, and Governance

2025-09-11T16:02:33+07:00

Introduction: Occupational safety and health (OSH) is a key pillar in creating a productive and sustainable work environment, especially in the high-risk manufacturing sector. As global demands for Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles increase, the integration of safety culture and sustainable technology is an important strategy to strengthen the protection of workers' health while supporting industrial sustainability.

Method: A quantitative approach was used by distributing questionnaires to 200 workers from various categories of manufacturing industries. The analysis used included correlation tests, multiple linear regression, and scenario simulations of technological improvements and recycling efficiency of personal protective equipment.

Result: The main variables analyzed were discipline in wearing PPE, consistency, reward-punishment, and the application of wearable technology and environmentally friendly PPE. The regression results show that the discipline of using PPE is the most significant factor in shaping occupational safety culture (p = 0.001). Although the technology and reward variables are not statistically significant, the simulation shows that increased investment in safety technology can accelerate the growth of safety culture and indirectly strengthen occupational health protection.The implementation of sustainability principles, such as the use of environmentally friendly PPE materials and recycling programs, is also proven to reduce the impact of industrial waste and contribute to the Environmental aspect of ESG.

Conclusion: While lowering the effect of industrial waste, the simulation reveals that higher investment in technology and recycling efficiency might hasten the change of safety culture from reactive to proactive. This study theoretically expands the safety culture approach to be more predictive and sustainable under the ESG framework, so improving its sustainability. Practically, these results give a basis for industrial policies to create OSH strategies compatible with digital transformation and world sustainability goals.

Integrative Nadi Sodhana and Self-Hypnosis Mind Body Intervention to Improve Self Esteem and Mindfulness Among Adolescents

2025-09-11T16:02:26+07:00

Introduction: Adolescents often face psychological challenges such as low mindfulness and self-esteem, which can increase their vulnerability to emotional distress. Nadi Sodhana Pranayama and Self-Hypnosis have been identified as mind–body techniques that may improve emotional regulation and self-perception, yet their combined effect in adolescent populations is understudied. Objective: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of combined Nadi Sodhana Pranayama and Self-Hypnosis interventions in enhancing mindfulness and self-esteem among female adolescents.

Methods: We used a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group structure. Purposive sampling identified forty-seven seventh-grade female students from the SMP Negeri Abiansemal; these students were split into treatment (n = 20) and control (n = 20) groups. Twice daily, for three straight days, the intervention consisted in ten minutes of Nadi Sodhana mixed with fifteen minutes of guided self-hypnosis. The five-facet mindfulness questionnaire (FFMQ) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) were used in pretest and post-test evaluations. T tests both paired and independent helped to examine the data. The STIKES Bina Usada Bali Ethics Committee (number 081/EA/KEPK-BUB-2025) gave ethical approval.

Results: The treatment group showed significant improvements in mindfulness (p = 0.004) and self-esteem (p = 0.015) compared with the control group. No significant changes were observed in the control group. The between-group effect size was moderate for mindfulness (Cohen’s d = 0.40) and large for self-esteem (Cohen’s d = 0.96), indicating the practical impact of the intervention.

Conclusion: The combination of Nadi Sodhana Pranayama and Self-Hypnosis is effective in enhancing mindfulness and self-esteem in adolescents. This approach is feasible for school-based mental health programmes.

Understanding Teachers’ Motivation and Barriers in Implementing Balanced Nutrition Guidelines in Indonesia: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective

2025-09-11T16:02:12+07:00

Introduction: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are currently the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, including in Indonesia. The Indonesian government promotes balanced nutrition guidelines to encourage healthy lifestyles, with teachers expected to model these behaviors. This study is grounded in Self-Determination Theory (SDT), which posits that motivation, autonomy, competence, and relatedness influence health behaviors. It aims to explore teachers’ practices and perceived barriers in implementing balanced nutrition guidelines.

Methods: A qualitative study using Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was conducted involving 11 teachers from a public school in Makassar City, Indonesia. The discussion was guided by a set of structured questions developed based on the 10 key messages of the Indonesian balanced nutrition guidelines. The FGD explored daily dietary practices, physical activity, and perceived barriers to the adoption of balanced nutrition recommendations.

Results: The study involved 11 teachers from a public senior high school in Makassar City, Indonesia, most of whom were female and over 40 years old. The findings showed that teachers implemented the guidelines only partially. Practices included consuming vegetables only once a day, preparing simple side dishes such as fish or tempeh, consuming rice as the main and often sole staple food, inadequate water consumption, and performing only light or incidental physical activity. Several barriers were identified, including limited time for food preparation due to work demands, lack of breakfast habits, fear of frequent urination due to increased water intake, and limited time or motivation to engage in physical activity. Teachers also expressed that health behaviors were not yet a priority in their daily routines. These behaviors were interpreted through SDT constructs, highlighting how unmet psychological needs hinder full adoption of balance nutrition guidelines.

Conclusion: The study highlights that while teachers are aware of balanced nutrition guidelines, their implementation remains limited due to various time, behavioral, and motivational barriers. Interventions based on SDT that promote autonomy, competence, and social support may enhance the adoption of balanced nutrition practices among teachers.

Smoking Cessation Behavior Among Madurese Adolescents: The Role of Social Capital and the Theory of Planned Behavior

2025-09-11T16:02:16+07:00

Introduction: The high prevalence of smoking among Madurese adolescents reflects a complex public health challenge. This study aims to analyze the influence of social capital and elements of the Theory of Planned Behavior on smoking cessation intentions among Madurese adolescents within their local cultural context.

Methods: A cross-sectional path analysis was conducted with 200 adolescents aged 15–19 years in Sumenep, Madura, using a structured questionnaire to measure attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and smoking cessation intention. Social capital was assessed through three dimensions: trust, social networks, and reciprocity norms, within the context of adolescents' relationships with family, peers, and the broader community.

Results: The findings reveal that strong social support from family and peers significantly influences adolescents' intentions to quit smoking, strengthening the effectiveness of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) factors in driving positive behavioral change. Path analysis showed that the intention to quit smoking had a direct and significant effect on actual smoking cessation behavior (? = 1.56; p < 0.001). Attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control demonstrated indirect effects through intention. Adolescents with high perceived behavioral control and positive attitudes toward quitting were more likely to succeed in cessation efforts.

Conclusion: These results emphasize the importance of social capital in anti-smoking interventions, especially in culturally cohesive societies such as Madura. Future interventions should leverage community and family-based support systems to enhance smoking cessation efforts among adolescents.

The Relationship Between Peer and Familial Social Support and Mental Well-Being of Indonesian College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2025-09-11T16:02:22+07:00

Introduction: Student mental well-being was a concern prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. During COVID-19, mental health problems increased due to heightened anxiety and concern. Family and friends' support plays a crucial role in maintaining students' mental health. This study examines the impact of social support on students' mental well-being during the pandemic.

Methods: This analytic observational study employed a cross-sectional design with a total of 400 active student participants. Psychometric instruments used in this study were the Sallis Social Support Scale and the short version of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS-7). Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation to determine the relationship between family and friends' support and students' mental well-being.

Results: There was no significant relationship between family support and students’ mental well-being. However, only support from friends showed a statistically significant positive relationship with students' mental well-being (r = 0.176, p = 0.001), while support from family was not significantly associated (p = 0.073).

Conclusion: Social support from friends played a crucial role in maintaining students' mental well-being during COVID-19. Encouraging peer support, such as reminding each other to complete tasks, can positively influence mental health.

Exploring Maternal Knowledge and Stimulation Practices in the Development of Children with Down Syndrome

2025-09-11T16:02:31+07:00

Introduction: Down syndrome is a common genetic disorder in children, with rising cases in Central Java—from 210 in 2020 to 650 in 2024—a 63% increase in three years. Children with Down syndrome face developmental challenges across all domains including motor, sensory, cognitive, language, and social aspects. Parental involvement, especially mothers, plays a crucial role in optimizing developmental outcomes. However, observations at POTADS Semarang indicate limited maternal knowledge and inadequate stimulation practices. This study aims to explore maternal knowledge and behaviors related to developmental stimulation in children with Down syndrome at POTADS Semarang..

Methods: This analytic survey employed a cross-sectional approach conducted in August 2024 with 75 mothers meeting the inclusion criteria. Data were collected using a structured and closed questionnaire. Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Bioethics Committee of Sultan Agung Islamic University, and informed consent was obtained from all participants.

Results: The study found a significant correlation between maternal knowledge and stimulation behavior. Statistical analysis showed a 2-tailed significance value of 0.003 (<0.05). Most mothers (44%) had moderate knowledge of child development stimulation, and the majority (53.3%) demonstrated negative behaviors in providing age-appropriate developmental stimulation.

Conclusion: Among the 75 respondents, 40 (53.3%) were over 35 years old, 52 (69.3%) were unemployed, and 58 (77.3%) had completed secondary education. Spearman Rank test analysis yielded a p-value of 0.003 (<0.05), indicating a significant relationship between maternal knowledge and behaviors regarding developmental stimulation. Mothers with moderate and low levels of knowledge were more likely to exhibit negative stimulation behaviors.

Screen Time and Emotional Development Among Indonesian Preschoolers: A Comparative Study Across Socioeconomic Contexts in Jakarta

2025-09-11T16:02:18+07:00

Introduction: The widespread use of screen media among preschool-aged children has raised concerns about its impact on emotional development, particularly within socioeconomically diverse populations. Although excessive screen time has been associated with emotional difficulties in early childhood, few studies have explored how socioeconomic status (SES) moderates these effects, especially in Indonesia. This understanding is critical for healthcare professionals, including nurses, involved in child health promotion and family-centered care.

Methods: This comparative cross sectional study employed a quantitative approach and was conducted in two kindergartens in West Jakarta, Indonesia, from November to December 2024. A total of 80 preschool aged children were enrolled, with 40 preschooler from a high SES and 40 from a low SES. Data were collected through structured parent questionnaires that captured screen time characteristics (duration, frequency, content type, and parental supervision). Ethical approval was obtained from the Health Research Ethics Committee of Universitas Esa Unggul (Approval Number: 0925-01.135/DPKE-KEP/FINAL-EA/UEU/II/2025). And all participants parent provided written informed consent prior to participation.

Results: The primary outcome of the study was the association between screen time characteristics and emotional development in preschool-aged children. The study revealed that increased screen time duration and frequency were significantly associated with heightened emotional development concerns, particularly among children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. Parental supervision during screen use appeared to serve as a protective factor, especially in the high SES group, where exposure to educational content was also linked to more positive emotional outcomes. Statistical analysis demonstrated strong positive correlations between screen time and emotional difficulties across both groups (p<0.001), with stronger correlation coefficients in the low SES group. Although the chi- square test indicated a tendency for educational content to be associated with better emotional outcomes in high SES children (p=0.060), the result was not statistically significant. Notably, the protective effect of educational content was limited among the low SES group, suggesting that contextual factors and access to supportive resources may influence the effectiveness of screen based learning.

Conclusion: These findings underscore the need for healthcare-Led interventions to promote effective digital parenting, particularly among socioeconomically disadvantaged families. Family-centered health education programs focusing on screen time management are essential for nurses and other healthcare professionals to mitigate emotional development risks and support equitable health outcomes in the digital era.

The Role of Family Eating and Activity Habits in the Relationship Between Parenting and Feeding Practices on Child Eating Behavior

2025-09-11T16:02:13+07:00

Introduction: Nutritional problems in children, including underweight and stunting, remain a global health challenge, particularly in Indonesia. This study examines the influence of parenting styles and feeding practices on children's eating behavior, with family eating and activity habits as a mediating variable

Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was employed in this study, involving 225 mothers of stunted and underweight children aged 2–5 years in Cimahi City, Indonesia. The study investigated key variables including parenting styles, feeding practices, family eating and activity habits, and children’s eating behavior. Data were gathered using validated questionnaires and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach. This analytical technique enabled the examination of complex causal relationships and latent constructs, including mediation pathways. The research complied with ethical standards and received approval from the Health Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Jenderal Achmad Yani University, Cimahi, on May 31, 2024 (Certificate No. 086/KEPK/FITKes-Unjani/2024).

Results: The results showed that parenting styles (? = 0.222, t = 3.630, p < 0.001) and feeding practices (? = 0.243, t = 3.640, p < 0.001) significantly influenced children's eating behavior. Family eating and activity habits significantly mediated the relationship (? = 0.448, t = 6.401, p < 0.001). Feeding practices and parenting styles also predicted family habits (f² = 0.369 and 0.462, respectively).

Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of family eating habits in shaping children's eating behavior and addressing malnutrition and stunting. Thus, family-based interventions are needed to improve healthy feeding practices and promote positive eating behavior in children at risk of malnutrition in Indonesia, aiming to achieve zero stunting and malnutrition.

mHealth Apps for Promoting Diabetes Self-Management Behaviors: A Mini-Review of Recent High-Quality Systematic Reviews

2025-09-11T16:02:41+07:00

Introduction: Mobile health (mHealth) applications have emerged as promising tools to support diabetes self-management, yet their overall effectiveness remains to be systematically evaluated.

Objective: This review evaluates the effectiveness of mobile health (mHealth) apps in promoting diabetes self-management behaviors by synthesizing findings from high-quality systematic reviews published in the last five years.

Method: A comprehensive search was conducted across Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EBSCO Host, and ProQuest. Six systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria, with a mean AMSTAR quality score of 10.33 out of 11. Reviews were analyzed for clinical outcomes, user engagement, and adherence.

Result: Findings indicate that mHealth apps significantly improve glycemic control, evidenced by reductions in HbA1c levels. Additional benefits include increased user engagement, better adherence, behavioral improvements, and psychosocial outcomes such as reduced anxiety and improved quality of life. However, heterogeneity across studies, challenges related to digital literacy, and concerns about data privacy limit generalizability.

Conclusion: mHealth apps show strong potential to enhance diabetes self-management through clinical and psychosocial benefits. Future work must address barriers such as digital literacy, data security, and variability in intervention quality to support sustained adoption and effectiveness.

Facilitators and Barriers Factors of Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice among Unemployed Mothers: A Scoping Review

2025-09-11T16:02:25+07:00

Introduction: Exclusive breastfeeding confers numerous health benefits on both mother and baby. Global data demonstrate that breastfeeding rates have not yet reached the 50% mark, indicating that more than half of the world's infants are not being exclusively breastfed. While unemployed mothers are known to be more likely to exclusively breastfeed, not all unemployed mothers have the ability to do so. The primary objective of this scoping review was to identify barriers and facilitators to exclusive breastfeeding among unemployed mothers.

Methods: The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, encompassing a systematic search of three databases (Scopus, PubMed, and EBSCOHost) for relevant articles published between 2014 and 2024. The initial search yielded 211 articles; however, only eight articles that met the predefined inclusion criteria were selected for further examination.

Results: This review examined the barriers and enablers of exclusive breastfeeding among unemployed mothers by conducting a comprehensive analysis of eight articles published between 2017 and 2021. The articles under consideration were derived from a total of 211 articles collected across three databases using specific keywords and filtering tools. The classification of factors was conducted in accordance with L. Green's framework, which categorizes factors as predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling. The facilitator factors that were identified included adequate antenatal care, prior breastfeeding experience, and strong knowledge. The identified barriers encompassed caesarean delivery, health concerns, and inadequate knowledge. The practice of breastfeeding was influenced by a variety of factors, including family dynamics, healthcare support systems, and cultural norms.

Conclusion: The findings from this review indicate the presence of predisposing and enabling factors in the internal aspects of the mother, infant condition, culture, support, health services, and other health practices. Predisposing factors play an important role as both enablers and barriers to exclusive breastfeeding in non-working mothers. This review highlights the need for more comprehensive interventions to assist mothers in improving exclusive breastfeeding practices.

Global Research Trends on Oral Diseases Amid the Double Burden of Diabetes and Tuberculosis: A Bibliometric Analysis

2025-09-11T16:02:20+07:00

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Tuberculosis (TB) present significant health challenges in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). DM increases the risk of active TB by 2 to 4 times due to weakened immunity, and the number of adults with DM is projected to rise from 463 million in 2019 to 700 million by 2045, with 80% in LMICs where TB is common. This co-occurrence complicates treatment, as TB can worsen glycemic control and poorly managed DM affects immunity. Although DM is linked to periodontitis and TB can cause ulcers, the oral health implications remain underexplored. The objective was to identify research themes and collaboration networks for improving oral healthcare among patients with tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus comorbidities, who also have oral diseases. The broader aim is to improve oral healthcare and reduce the burden of chronic diseases in these populations.

Methods: A qualitative literature review was conducted using peer-reviewed journals from 2018 to 2024 in the Scopus database. The search employed the keywords “oral AND diseases AND tuberculosis AND diabetes AND mellitus,” focusing solely on English documents in various medical fields. Data collection in March 2025 aimed to minimize bias. Descriptive and bibliometric analyses were performed using RStudio and VOSviewer to examine trends and correlations among oral diseases, tuberculosis, and diabetes mellitus. This analysis is conducted through cocitation and keyword patterns.

Results: A review of 146 publications from 2018 to 2024 found that only six (4.1%) focused on oral health in tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus (TB-DM). The average annual growth rate of publications was 8.89%. Four main themes emerged: (1) complications of diabetes mellitus, (2) tuberculosis examination and treatment, (3) prevalence and risk factors of type 2 diabetes, and (4) TB-DM interactions. India, the USA, and Japan were the leading contributors. The top keywords were "diabetes mellitus" (900), "tuberculosis" (735), and "non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus" (431).

Conclusion: Future research should adopt an interdisciplinary approach to investigate the effect of systemic inflammation and medication interactions on oral health in DM-TB populations. Longitudinal studies are necessary to assess the impact of oral interventions on glycemic control and treatment success for TB. Collaboration among dental and medical professionals is essential for delivering integrated care models that prioritize both oral and systemic health.