International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS)

The Ontology of Leadership in Crisis: Beyond the Directive Model Toward Collaborative-Adaptive Leadership

2026-07-04T11:13:36+07:00

This study aims to examine whether leadership in crisis situations is ontologically distinct from leadership under normal conditions, and to demonstrate that collaborative-adaptive leadership constitutes the most ontologically honest response to the nature of crisis. This study employs philosophical library research through three complementary analytical approaches: philosophical inquiry, hermeneutical analysis, and critical comparative analysis. The directive model operates on three erroneous assumptions reality as already known, the sovereign singular subject, and time as linear sequence all of which collapse when crisis occurs. The phenomenology of Heidegger (Mitsein), Husserl (Einfühlung), and Arendt (plurality) demonstrates that crisis can only be responded to collectively, manifesting through three dimensions: collaboration as recognition of ontological complexity, empathy as ontological capacity, and trust as the foundation of a new shared world. Directive leadership is ontologically incompatible with the nature of crisis as a condition of human being-in-common (being-in-common). This study affirms the importance of integrating ontological, epistemological, and axiological dimensions in leadership theory, while simultaneously opening space for dialectical inquiry into phenomenologically-grounded leadership.

A Critical Analysis of the Supernatural Approach Between Environmental Education and School Ceremonialism

2026-07-25T22:29:20+07:00

The Adiwiyata program is one of the strategic policies of the Indonesian government in realizing sustainable environmental education in schools. Since its launch in 2006 by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF), the program is designed to instill ecological values through integration into the curriculum, school culture, and citizen participation. However, the implementation in various schools shows a paradox: on the one hand, Adiwiyata succeeds in encouraging increased concern for the environment, but on the other hand, the practice of its implementation is often trapped in ceremonialism. This phenomenon can be seen from the school orientation that emphasizes the achievement of awards, certifications, and competitions rather than the deep internalization of ecological values. This article aims to conduct a critical analysis of the Adiwiyata approach using a literature-based theoretical study method (desk study). The results of the study show that there is a gap between the normative goal of Adiwiyata as an instrument of ecological awareness transformation and the practice of educational bureaucratic ceremonialism that emphasizes the formal aspect. This article offers a reconstruction of the Adiwiyata approach through the integration of ecological curriculum, the formation of a green school culture, and sustainable community participation. Thus, Adiwiyata not only becomes a symbol of administrative success, but actually serves as a transformative and substantial medium of environmental education.

Prediction of Outpatient Visits Using Trend Analysis Method at RSUD Titi Kabila Bone Bolango for 2024-2028

2026-07-27T10:45:35+07:00

Outpatient prediction using the trend method. A trend is an analysis that explains and measures various changes or developments in data during one period. From 2019 to 2023, outpatient visits totaled 17 polyclinics, with the highest number of patient visits in 2023, with a total of 40,630 patient visits and an increase in 2023, so it is necessary to predict outpatient visits, given the importance of outpatient visit. This study aims to determine the prediction of outpatient visits using the trend analysis method. The type of research used in this study is descriptive, using a prospective approach. The population in this study is a recapitulation of the number of outpatient visits at Toto Kabila Hospital in 2019–2023. The sample in this study used total sampling, where all members were 152,290, The research instrument used work tables, calculating tools, and stationery. The results of the calculation show that the prediction of outpatient visits in 2024–2028 at Toto Kabila Hospital has increased every year, with 52,977 visits in 2028, and the prediction of outpatient at internal polyclinics eyes, and nerves has increased by 109,923 visits, while the skin polyclinic has decreased by 4,330 visits.

Salmonella sp. Contamination in Broiler Chicken Meat at Gorontalo Central Market: A Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment Approach

2026-08-01T10:32:25+07:00

Gorontalo Central Market is the largest marketplace for broiler chicken meat sales in Gorontalo. Contamination of broiler chicken meat may occur during storage or at the point of sale (market) and can proliferate if the cooking process is inadequate. Laboratory test results revealed the presence of Salmonella sp. in broiler chicken meat at levels exceeding the maximum permissible limits for microbial contamination in food. This study aimed to assess the quantitative health risk posed by Salmonella sp. contamination in broiler chicken meat sold at Gorontalo Central Market. This was a descriptive observational study employing a Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) approach. The study samples consisted of seven broiler chicken meat samples collected from seven meat stalls at Gorontalo Central Market and 85 consumers who purchased and consumed broiler chicken meat sold at the market. Respondents were selected using an accidental sampling technique. The results showed that broiler chicken meat sold at Gorontalo Central Market contained Salmonella sp. ranging from 1.4e3 to 3.0e5 CFU/g. Health risk assessment indicated that, among the seven meat stalls evaluated, five were classified as high-risk (P_inf/day/meal = 3.83–4.85), while two stalls were classified as no risk (P_inf/day/meal = 0). It is recommended that vendors improve sanitation practices at their selling locations and maintain proper personal hygiene to reduce the potential for pathogenic microbial contamination.

Policy Analysis in Improving the Quality of Health Services: A Literature Study

2026-07-27T11:08:09+07:00

he quality of healthcare services is a crucial indicator of the success of the national healthcare system. Various healthcare policies in Indonesia continue to be developed to improve access, service quality, and public satisfaction. This research employed a literature review with a qualitative descriptive approach through the Google Scholar database and other scientific sources, using keywords such as health policy, BPJS, JKN, healthcare service quality, and health policy. The articles used were published between 2022 and 2026. The search identified 50 articles, which were then narrowed down to 25 based on topic relevance and source credibility, resulting in 18 articles analyzed in this study.

The results indicate that the JKN and BPJS Kesehatan programs play a role in improving access and quality of public healthcare services. Service quality is influenced by the competence of healthcare workers, service facilities, management systems, communication, and the use of healthcare technologies such as telemedicine and electronic medical records. However, policy implementation still faces various obstacles, including limited healthcare workers, uneven distribution of facilities, long service queues, and complex administration. The novelty of this research lies in the integration of Edward III's policy implementation theory with an analysis of healthcare service quality and the digital transformation of healthcare services in Indonesia.

The Effectiveness of Video and Leaflet Media in Increasing Self-Efficacy and Knowledge about HIV/AIDS Prevention

2026-07-27T11:13:28+07:00

HIV/AIDS remains a health problem for adolescents who are vulnerable to risky behaviors due to lack of knowledge and low self-efficacy. This study analyzed the effectiveness of video and leaflet media in improving adolescent self-efficacy and knowledge using a quasi-experimental design with a sample of 254 adolescents divided into two groups. The results showed that both media significantly increased self-efficacy (p=0.000) and knowledge (p=0.000), with the video group showing a greater increase than the leaflet group. Overall, although both videos and leaflets were equally effective, videos proved superior in improving adolescent understanding and confidence regarding HIV/AIDS prevention.

Depression Literacy and Its Relationship with Psychological Status among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Indonesia: A Community Mental Health Perspective

2026-08-01T10:36:52+07:00

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between depression literacy and psychological status among T2DM patients in primary health care services in Indonesia, which are still limited. This study analyzed this relationship among T2DM patients at the Kabila Community Health Center, Bone Bolango Regency, Gorontalo. A cross-sectional design was applied to 74 T2DM patients (from a population of 292; Slovin's formula, e = 10%) recruited by random sampling in January 2025. Depression literacy was measured using the Depression Literacy Questionnaire (D-Lit; 18 valid items; Cronbach's alpha = 0.799) and psychological status with the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12; Likert 0-3; alpha = 0.648). Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation, Kruskal-Wallis, and the Holm-corrected Mann-Whitney test. The mean depression literacy score was 7.20 (SD = 2.63), with the majority at a moderate level (67.57%); The mean GHQ-12 score was 19.12 (SD = 4.51), with 93.24% showing mild to severe levels of stress. Depression literacy scores did not significantly correlate with stress scores (rho = -0.17; 95% CI -0.38 to 0.07; p = 0.156), but stress levels differed across literacy categories (rho = 7.49; p = 0.024): the low literacy group showed higher stress than the moderate literacy group (median 26.0 vs. 18.0; Holm p = 0.021). More severe stress levels alleviated patients with the lowest levels of depression literacy, thus supporting community-based stress screening and targeted depression literacy education as social interventions in primary care.

Overview of Logistics Management at Niko Pharmacy on Jl. Besar Tj. Anom, Sembahe Baru, Pancur Batu District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra

2026-07-27T11:42:34+07:00

Drug logistics management is an important part of pharmaceutical services to ensure the availability, quality, and safety of drugs. This study aims to describe the implementation of drug logistics management at Niko Pharmacy, Pancur Batu District, Deli Serdang Regency. The study used a qualitative method with a descriptive design. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews and observations of pharmacy owners and pharmacy staff. Aspects studied included planning, budgeting, procurement, storage, distribution, disposal and destruction, recording and reporting, and monitoring and evaluation. The results showed that most drug logistics management activities have been running well. Planning is carried out based on sales data, prescriptions, and patient needs, while drug storage has implemented the FEFO system. Distribution, recording, and monitoring are carried out routinely to maintain drug availability. However, several obstacles were still found, such as budget limitations, delays in drug delivery, manual recording, and the lack of documentation of destruction activities and the results of monitoring and evaluation. Overall, drug logistics management at Niko Pharmacy has been implemented well, but it is necessary to strengthen the documentation and administration system to improve the quality of pharmaceutical services and support the sustainability of optimal drug logistics management.

Analysis of Financial Performance Using the Du Pont System at Pt Darya-Varia Laboratoria TBK for the Period 2023-2025

2026-07-27T11:58:59+07:00

This study was conducted to examine the financial performance of PT Darya-Varia Laboratoria using the DuPont system over a three-year period, as the company is listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The entire data set for this analysis includes all available financial statements of PT Darya-Varia Laboratoria for the study period. The sample consists of the statements of financial position (balance sheets) and income statements of PT Darya-Varia Laboratoria Tbk obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the years 2023–2025. Data collection was conducted through documentation and literature review, utilizing secondary data derived from the company’s financial statements and various supporting references. Data analysis employed a comparative analysis method, which involves comparing financial statements from one period to another to identify changes, both in rupiah terms and as percentages.The variables analyzed in this study include Net Profit Margin (NPM), Total Asset Turnover (TATO), and Return on Investment (ROI) based on the Du Pont approach. The variables were measured using a ratio scale because the data used are numerical and can be compared quantitatively. Next, the data were analyzed using descriptive methods with a quantitative approach to describe the company’s financial performance during the study period. The research findings show that PT Darya-Varia Laboratoria Tbk’s Net Profit Margin (NPM) declined from 7.74% in 2023 to 7.35% in 2025. Total Asset Turnover (TATO) fluctuated from 0.93 times to 0.97 times and then fell to 0.95 times. The Equity Multiplier (EM) increased from 1.45 times to 1.59 times, while Return on Equity (ROE) rose from 10.61% to 11.09%. These results indicate that the company’s overall financial performance improved, as reflected by the rise in ROE, despite the decline in the net profit margin. The increase in ROE was driven by more efficient use of assets and increased corporate leverage.

Overview of the Level of Knowledge About Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease in Students in Grades VIII-2 SMP Negeri 1 Pancur Batu

2026-07-27T12:36:42+07:00

Coronary heart disease is a type of non-communicable disease and is one of the diseases that need to be considered. can be influenced by an unhealthy lifestyle from adolescence. This study aims to uncover students' understanding of factors that can increase the risk of coronary heart disease at SMP Negeri 1 Pancur Batu. This study uses a quantitative method with a descriptive design and a cross-sectional approach. The research sample amounted to 25 students in grades VIII-2 who were selected using the total sampling technique. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire containing 15 questions about risk factors for coronary heart disease. The results showed that the majority of respondents were at the level of knowledge in the good category, which reached 16 students (64%), while the sufficient category included 7 students (28%), and the category lacked 2 students (8%). However, risky behaviors such as lack of exercise, consumption of fast food, late sleep, and excessive use of gadgets were still found. The conclusion of this study shows that the level of students' knowledge about the factors that increase the likelihood of coronary heart disease is considered adequate, but a healthy lifestyle still needs to be improved by providing health education from an early age.

Student Smoking Behavior in the Implementation of the Smoke-Free Area Policy at SMA Negeri 1 Palu

2026-07-27T16:34:30+07:00

Smoking behavior is defined as the activity of inhaling smoke from cigarettes made of rolled dried tobacco leaves that are burned and subsequently exhaled by the individual. Smoking behavior is considered a public health issue that contributes to various health problems and even death, affecting both active smokers and passive smokers who are exposed to cigarette smoke. Smoking behavior among adolescents is no longer a new phenomenon. Low self-motivation to quit smoking, along with environmental and peer influences, are factors that make it difficult for individuals to stop smoking.

This study aimed to identify students’ smoking behavior in the implementation of the Smoke-Free Area policy at SMA Negeri 1 Palu. The study employed a qualitative method with a case study approach. A total of 10 informants participated in this study. Data were managed using matrix analysis techniques. The findings indicated that students’ knowledge regarding the harmful effects of smoking was relatively good. However, students’ attitudes toward peer invitations to smoke were still inadequate, as some students continued to accept such invitations. In addition, the availability of facilities and opportunities that enabled students to obtain cigarettes, such as using pocket money provided by parents or receiving cigarettes from friends, also supported smoking behavior. On the other hand, support from certain peers in the form of advice and encouragement helped male adolescents avoid smoking behavior.